Certifiable quantum dice

Abstract

We introduce a protocol through which a pair of quantum mechanical devices may be used to generate n random bits that are ε-close in statistical distance from n uniformly distributed bits, starting from a seed of O(log n log 1/ ϵ) uniform bits. The bits generated are certifiably random, based only on a simple statistical test that can be performed by the user, and on the assumption that the devices obey the no-signalling principle. No other assumptions are placed on the devices' inner workings: it is not necessary to even assume the validity of quantum mechanics.

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