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Published September 28, 2020 | Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

Optically tunable mesoscale CdSe morphologies via inorganic phototropic growth

Abstract

Inorganic phototropic growth using only spatially conformal illumination generated Se–Cd films that exhibited precise light-defined mesoscale morphologies including highly ordered, anisotropic, and periodic ridge and trench nanotextures over entire macroscopic substrates. Growth was accomplished via a light-induced electrochemical method using an optically and chemically isotropic solution, an unpatterned substrate, and unstructured, incoherent, low-intensity illumination in the absence of chemical directing agents or physical templates and masks. The morphologies were defined by the illumination inputs: the nanotexture long axes aligned parallel to the optical E-field vector, and the feature sizes and periods scaled with the wavelength. Optically based modeling of the growth closely reproduced the experimental results, confirming the film morphologies were fully determined by the light–matter interactions during growth. Solution processing of the Se–Cd films resulted in stoichiometric, crystalline CdSe films that also exhibited ordered nanotextures, demonstrating that inorganic phototropic growth can effect tunable, template-free generation of ordered CdSe nanostructures over macroscopic length scales.

Additional Information

© 2020 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Submitted 01 May 2020; Accepted 22 Jun 2020; First published 22 Jun 2020. This work was supported by the "Light–Material Interactions in Energy Conversion" Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001293 and was also supported by the National Science Foundation, Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences, Division of Materials Research under Award Number DMR 1905963. Research was in part carried out at the Molecular Materials Research Center in the Beckman Institute of Caltech. The authors gratefully acknowledge R. Gerhart for assistance with photoelectrochemical cell fabrication and W.-H. Cheng and M. Richter for assistance with computer simulations. KRH, AIC, and MCM acknowledge graduate research fellowships from the National Science Foundation. MCM also acknowledges the Resnick Sustainability Institute at Caltech for fellowship support. There are no conflicts of interest to declare.

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August 19, 2023
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