The First Habitable Zone Earth-Sized Planet From TESS II: Spitzer Confirms TOI-700 d

Creators: Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Zieba, Sebastian; Kreidberg, Laura; Morley, Caroline V.; Kane, Stephen R.; Spencer, Alton; Quinn, Samuel N.; Eastman, Jason D.; Cloutier, Ryan; Huang, Chelsea X.; Collins, Karen A.; Mann, Andrew W.; Gilbert, Emily; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Quintana, Elisa V.; Barclay, Thomas; Suissa, Gabrielle; Kopparapu, Ravi kumar; Dressing, Courtney D.; Ricker, George R.; Vanderspek, Roland K.; Latham, David W.; Seager, Sara; Winn, Joshua N.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Berta-Thompson, Zachory; Boyd, Patricia T.; Charbonneau, David; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Chiang, Eugene; Christiansen, Jessie L.; Ciardi, David R.; Colón, Knicole D.; Doty, John; Gan, Tianjun; Guerrero, Natalia; Günther, Maximilian N.; Lee, Eve J.; Levine, Alan M.; Lopez, Eric; Muirhead, Philip S.; Newton, Elisabeth; Rose, Mark E.; Twicken, Joseph D.; Villaseñor, Jesus Noel

Abstract

We present Spitzer 4.5 μm observations of the transit of TOI-700 d, a habitable-zone Earth-sized planet in a multiplanet system transiting a nearby M-dwarf star (TIC 150428135, 2MASS J06282325–6534456). TOI-700 d has a radius of 1.144^(+0.062)_(-0.061) R⊕ and orbits within its host star's conservative habitable zone with a period of 37.42 days (T_(eq) ~ 269 K). TOI-700 also hosts two small inner planets (R_b = 1.037^(+0.0065)_(-0.064) R⊕ and R_c = 2.65^(+0.16)_(-0.15) R⊕) with periods of 9.98 and 16.05 days, respectively. Our Spitzer observations confirm the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) detection of TOI-700 d and remove any remaining doubt that it is a genuine planet. We analyze the Spitzer light curve combined with the 11 sectors of TESS observations and a transit of TOI-700 c from the LCOGT network to determine the full system parameters. Although studying the atmosphere of TOI-700 d is not likely feasible with upcoming facilities, it may be possible to measure the mass of TOI-700 d using state-of-the-art radial velocity (RV) instruments (expected RV semiamplitude of ~70 cm s⁻¹).

Additional Information

© 2020 The American Astronomical Society. Received 2019 December 20; revised 2020 May 22; accepted 2020 May 26; published 2020 August 14. A.V.'s work was performed under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. M.N.G. acknowledges support from MIT's Kavli Institute as a Juan Carlos Torres Fellow. C.D.D. acknowledges support from the NASA TESS Guest Investigator Program through grant 80NSSC18K1583. E.D.L. is thankful for support from GSFC Sellers Exoplanet Environments Collaboration (SEEC), which is funded by the NASA Planetary Science Divisions Internal Scientist Funding Model. J.N.W. thanks the Heising-Simons Foundation for support. E.A.G. thanks the LSSTC Data Science Fellowship Program, which is funded by LSSTC, NSF Cybertraining grant #1829740, the Brinson Foundation, and the Moore Foundation; her participation in the program has benefited this work. E.A.G. is thankful for support from GSFC Sellers Exoplanet Environments Collaboration (SEEC), which is funded by the NASA Planetary Science Division's Internal Scientist Funding Model. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. This research has made use of SAO/NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This work makes use of observations from the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network. We thank Kevin Stevenson for making the POET pipeline open source and freely available on GitHub. Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission directorate. We acknowledge the use of public TESS Alert data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive and the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program website, which are operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission, which are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). This paper includes observations obtained under Gemini program GN-2018B-LP-101. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. Facilities: TESS - , Spitzer - , LCOGT - , Gaia - , MAST - . Software: EXOFASTv2 (Eastman et al. 2013, 2019), AstroImageJ (Collins et al. 2017), BATMAN (Kreidberg 2015), Forecaster (Chen & Kipping 2017).

Attached Files

Published - Rodriguez_2020_AJ_160_117.pdf

Submitted - 2001.00954.pdf

Files

Rodriguez_2020_AJ_160_117.pdf

Files (2.9 MB)

Name	Size	Download all
Rodriguez_2020_AJ_160_117.pdf md5:9365d1e0aff993940f9ead0c09f83eb9	1.6 MB	Preview Download
2001.00954.pdf md5:705755438d56eb03d78770094958c653	1.3 MB	Preview Download

Additional details

	All versions	This version
Views	0	0
Downloads	0	0
Data volume	0 Bytes	0 Bytes