Prenatal and postnatal exposure risk assessment of chlorinated paraffins in mothers and neonates: Occurrence, congener profile, and transfer behavior
Abstract
Gestation and lactation are very sensitive and vulnerable stages for human growth and development. During these two periods, short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) can be transported to neonates via transplacental and breastfeeding transfers, and eventually posing potential adverse effects to neonates. Up to date, no simultaneous investigation of prenatal and postnatal exposure of CPs is reported. To bridge this knowledge gap, we have analyzed SCCPs and MCCPs in 20 complete sets of maternal serum, umbilical cord serum, placenta, and breast milk. The levels of both ∑SCCP and ∑MCCP followed the order of maternal serum > breast milk > cord serum > placenta. The breastfeeding transfer ratios (R_(BM), ≈ 1.0) of CPs were greater than the corresponding transplacental transfer ratios (R_(CM), < 1.0), demonstrating the higher transport of CPs during the lactation period. The placental retention/or accumulation ratios (R_(PM)) showed that CPs were effectively retained by the placental barrier. Furthermore, the total exposure amounts of SCCPs and MCCPs during the lactation period was > 100 times higher than the gestation exposure amounts. This study helps to better understand the prenatal and postnatal exposure of CPs and provides a solid basis for accurate human health risk assessment of CPs.
Additional Information
© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Received 27 February 2020, Revised 3 April 2020, Accepted 3 April 2020, Available online 13 April 2020.Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 102534
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20200414-134212132
- 21427815
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 21621005
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Created
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2020-04-14Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2021-11-16Created from EPrint's last_modified field