Scaling K2. II. Assembly of a Fully Automated C5 Planet Candidate Catalog Using EDI-Vetter

Creators: Zink, Jon K.; Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K.; Christiansen, Jessie L.; Dressing, Courtney D.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Petigura, Erik A.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Ciardi, David R.

Abstract

We present a uniform transiting exoplanet candidate list for Campaign 5 of the K2 mission. This catalog contains 75 planets with seven multi-planet systems (five double, one triple, and one quadruple planet system). Within the range of our search, we find eight previously undetected candidates, with the remaining 67 candidates overlapping 51% of the study of Kruse et al. that manually vets candidates from Campaign 5. In order to vet our potential transit signals, we introduce the Exoplanet Detection Identification Vetter (EDI-Vetter), which is a fully automated program able to determine whether a transit signal should be labeled as a false positive or a planet candidate. This automation allows us to create a statistically uniform catalog, ideal for measurements of planet occurrence rate. When tested, the vetting software is able to ensure that our sample is 94.2% reliable against systematic false positives. Additionally, we inject artificial transits at the light-curve level of the raw K2 data and find that the maximum completeness of our pipeline is 70% before vetting and 60% after vetting. For convenience of future studies of occurrence rate, we include measurements of stellar noise (CDPP) and the three-transit window function for each target. This study is part of a larger survey of the K2 data set and the methodology that will be applied to the entirety of that set.

Additional Information

© 2020. The American Astronomical Society. Received 2019 October 8; revised 2020 January 27; accepted 2020 February 6; published 2020 March 13. We immensely thank the anonymous referee for the careful reading and very thorough comments. Additionally, we would like to thank Christina Hedges, Geert Barentsen, and Jessie Dotson at the Kepler Guest Observer office for helpful discussions about K2 and this work. Trevor David provided helpful discussion of K2 light-curve detrending and transit injections. Additional special thanks to Megan Bedell for providing us with Gaia–Kepler cross-matching out to radius 20'' upon special request. Also we would like to thank Melanie Swain from the ExoFOP team for helping provide a massive export of stellar data upon request. This work made use of the gaia-kepler.fun cross-match database created by Megan Bedell. The simulations described here were performed on the UCLA Hoffman2 shared computing cluster and using the resources provided by the Bhaumik Institute. This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive and the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program website, which are operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. This paper includes data collected by the Kepler mission and obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the Kepler mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 526555. Guoshoujing Telescope (the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope LAMOST) is a National Major Scientific Project built by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission. LAMOST is operated and managed by the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Funding for this project was provided by the IPAC Visiting Graduate Fellowship. J.Z. acknowledges funding from NASA ADAP grant 80NSSC18K0431. Software: EVEREST (Luger et al. 2016, 2018), TERRA (Petigura et al. 2013), K2SFF (Vanderburg & Johnson 2014), K2PHOT (Petigura et al. 2013), PyMC3 (Salvatier et al. 2015), Exoplanet (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2019), RoboVetter (Thompson et al. 2018), batman Kreidberg (2015), emcee (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2013).

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