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Published February 2020 | Supplemental Material + Published
Journal Article Open

Spatiotemporal Properties of Sub‐Rayleigh and Supershear Ruptures Inferred From Full‐Field Dynamic Imaging of Laboratory Experiments

Abstract

Many earthquakes propagate at sub‐Rayleigh speeds. Earthquakes propagating at supershear speeds, though less common, are by far more destructive. Hence, it is important to quantify the motion characteristics associated with both types of earthquake ruptures. Here we report on the spatiotemporal properties of dynamic ruptures measured in our laboratory experiments using the dynamic digital image correlation technique. Earthquakes are mimicked by the frictional rupture propagating along the interface of two Homalite plates. Digital images of the propagating ruptures are captured by an ultrahigh‐speed camera and processed with digital image correlation in order to produce sequences of evolving displacement and velocity maps. Our measurements reveal the full‐field structure of the velocity components, bridge the gap between previous spatially sparse velocimeter measurements available only at two to three locations, and enable us to quantify the attenuation patterns away from the interface.

Additional Information

©2020. The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 21 OCT 2019; Accepted 11 JAN 2020; Accepted article online 15 JAN 2020. This study was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) (Grants EAR 1321655 and EAR‐1651235), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (Grant G16AP00106), and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), Contribution 9985. SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR‐1033462 and USGS Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. Data sets used in this study are available from the Repository CaltechDATA (https://doi.org/10.22002/d1.1328).

Attached Files

Published - Rubino-Rosakis-Lapusta__2020__Spatiotemporal_properties_of_sub-Rayleigh_and_supershear_ruptures.pdf

Supplemental Material - downloadSupplement_doi=10.1029_2F2019JB018922_file=jgrb53979-sup-0001-SI.pdf

Supplemental Material - downloadSupplement_doi=10.1029_2F2019JB018922_file=jgrb53979-sup-0002-2019JB018922-movieS1.mp4

Supplemental Material - downloadSupplement_doi=10.1029_2F2019JB018922_file=jgrb53979-sup-0003-2019JB018922-movieS2.mp4

Supplemental Material - downloadSupplement_doi=10.1029_2F2019JB018922_file=jgrb53979-sup-0004-2019JB018922-movieS3.mp4

Supplemental Material - downloadSupplement_doi=10.1029_2F2019JB018922_file=jgrb53979-sup-0005-2019JB018922-movieS4.mp4

Files

Rubino-Rosakis-Lapusta__2020__Spatiotemporal_properties_of_sub-Rayleigh_and_supershear_ruptures.pdf

Additional details

Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
October 23, 2023