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Published January 21, 2020 | Submitted
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Income versus Sanitation; Mortality Decline in Paris, 1880-1914

Abstract

After 1850, mortality began its long-term fall in most industrialized countries, a process that has been linked to rising incomes and improved water infrastructure. The problem, however, is that these contribution are jointly determined and feedback into each other. Here we estimate their impact using a longitudinal data set on mortality and income for each of Paris' 80 neighborhoods. Income and sanitation both contributed to the decrease in mortality, a standard deviation increase in either variable produces a two years gain in life expectancy. These results give insights on the determinants of the health transition but also on the long-term evolution of health inequality.

Additional Information

The authors would like to thank Leah Brooks, Jonathan Chapman, Tracy Dennison, Edward Glaeser, Timothy Guinnane, Philip Hoffman, Samantha Myers, Jim Oeppen, Paula Scott, and William Summerhill and the participants at seminars at All-UC Huntington conference, Ined, Michigan, PSE, Stanford, UCLA, Université Paris-Dauphine, and Yale for helpful comments.

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Created:
August 20, 2023
Modified:
October 19, 2023