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Published December 2019 | Published + Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

Characterization of laboratory and real driving emissions of individual Euro 6 light-duty vehicles – Fresh particles and secondary aerosol formation

Abstract

Emissions from passenger cars are one of major sources that deteriorate urban air quality. This study presents characterization of real-drive emissions from three Euro 6 emission level passenger cars (two gasoline and one diesel) in terms of fresh particles and secondary aerosol formation. The gasoline vehicles were also characterized by chassis dynamometer studies. In the real-drive study, the particle number emissions during regular driving were 1.1–12.7 times greater than observed in the laboratory tests (4.8 times greater on average), which may be caused by more effective nucleation process when diluted by real polluted and humid ambient air. However, the emission factors measured in laboratory were still much higher than the regulatory value of 6 × 10^(11) particles km^(−1). The higher emission factors measured here result probably from the fact that the regulatory limit considers only non-volatile particles larger than 23 nm, whereas here, all particles (also volatile) larger than 3 nm were measured. Secondary aerosol formation potential was the highest after a vehicle cold start when most of the secondary mass was organics. After the cold start, the relative contributions of ammonium, sulfate and nitrate increased. Using a novel approach to study secondary aerosol formation under real-drive conditions with the chase method resulted mostly in emission factors below detection limit, which was not in disagreement with the laboratory findings.

Additional Information

© 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Received 4 June 2019, Revised 19 August 2019, Accepted 3 September 2019, Available online 12 September 2019. This Paper has been recommended for acceptance by Dr. Admir Créso Targino. This work was supported by the Health relevant and energy efficient regulation of exhaust particle emissions (HERE) project [decision number 40330/13], funded by Business Finland (Tekes), AGCO Power Oy, Dinex Finland Oy, Dekati Oy, Neste Oyj, Pegasor Oy and Wärtsilä Finland Oy. Pauli Simonen and Joni Kalliokoski acknowledge Tampere University Graduate School.

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Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S0269749119329586-mmc1.docx

Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S0269749119329586-mmc2.xml

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August 22, 2023
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