Fundamental Physics with the Square Kilometre Array

Creators: Weltman, A.; Bull, P.; Camera, S.; Kelley, K.; Padmanabhan, H.; Pritchard, J.; Raccanelli, A.; Riemer-Sørensen, S.; Shao, L.; Andrianomena, S.; Athanassoula, E.; Bacon, D.; Barkana, R.; Bertone, G.; Bonvin, C.; Bosma, A.; Brüggen, M.; Burigana, C.; Bœhm, C.; Calore, F.; Cembranos, J. A. R.; Clarkson, C.; Connors, R. M. T.; de la Cruz-Dombriz, Á.; Dunsby, P. K. S.; Fonseca, J.; Fornengo, N.; Gaggero, D.; Harrison, I.; Larena, J.; Ma, Y. -Z.; Maartens, R.; Méndez-Isla, M.; Mohanty, S. D.; Murray, S. G.; Parkinson, D.; Pourtsidou, A.; Quinn, P. J.; Regis, M.; Saha, P.; Sahlén, M.; Sakellariadou, M.; Silk, J.; Trombetti, T.; Vazza, F.; Venumadhav, T.; Vidotto, F.; Villaescusa-Navarro, F.; Wang, Y.; Weniger, C.; Wolz, L.; Zhang, F.; Gaensler, B. M.

Abstract

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is a planned large radio interferometer designed to operate over a wide range of frequencies, and with an order of magnitude greater sensitivity and survey speed than any current radio telescope. The SKA will address many important topics in astronomy, ranging from planet formation to distant galaxies. However, in this work, we consider the perspective of the SKA as a facility for studying physics. We review four areas in which the SKA is expected to make major contributions to our understanding of fundamental physics: cosmic dawn and reionisation; gravity and gravitational radiation; cosmology and dark energy; and dark matter and astroparticle physics. These discussions demonstrate that the SKA will be a spectacular physics machine, which will provide many new breakthroughs and novel insights on matter, energy, and spacetime.

Additional Information

© 2020 Astronomical Society of Australia; published by Cambridge University Press. Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 January 2020. The workshop 'Fundamental Physics with the Square Kilometre Array' was made possible through the generous support of the Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, the Square Kilometre Array Organisation, SKA South Africa, the ARC Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), the National Institute for Theoretical Physics (NITheP), the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), and the NRF/DST South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI). Individually, the authors recognise a number of collaborators, institutions, and funding bodies for their support, namely: A. Weltman acknowledges financial support from the DST/NRF South African Research Chairs programme as well as the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton and the Flatiron Institute through the Simons Foundation. P. Bull's research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, administered by Universities Space Research Association under contract with NASA. S. Camera is supported by MIUR through Rita Levi Montalcini project 'prometheus—Probing and Relating Observables with Multi-wavelength Experiments To Help Enlightening the Universe's Structure', and by the 'Departments of Excellence 2018–2022' Grant awarded by MIUR (L. 232/2016). H. Padmanabhan's research was supported by the Tomalla Foundation. J. R. Pritchard is pleased to acknowledge support from the European Research Council under ERC grant number 638743-FIRSTDAWN. A. Racanelli has received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union H2020 Programme under REA grant agreement number 706896 (COSMOFLAGS). Funding for this work was partially provided by the Spanish MINECO under MDM-2014-0369 of ICCUB (Unidad de Excelencia 'Maria de Maeztu'). E.Athanassoula and A. Bosma thank the Action Spécifique SKA-LOFAR of CNRS/INSU for financial support. For R. Barkana, this project/publication was made possible through the support of a grant from the John Templeton Foundation; the opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the John Templeton Foundation. G. Bertone, F. Calore, R.M.T. Connors, and D. Gaggero acknowledge collaboration with M. Lovell, S. Markoff, and E. Storm. Camille Bonvin acknowledges partial support by INAF-Direzione Scientifica and by ASI through ASI/INAF Agreement 2014-024-R.1 for the Planck LFI Activity of Phase E2. M. Brüggen's work was strongly supported by computing resources from the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) under projects ID s585 and s701. F. Vazza acknowledges financial support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie-Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 664931 and the ERC Starting Grant 'MAGCOW', No. 714196. They acknowledge allocations 9059 on supercomputers at the NIC of the Forschungszentrum Jülich. Computations described in their work were performed using the ENZO code, which is the product of a collaborative effort of scientists at many universities and national laboratories. C. Burigana and T. Trombetti acknowledge partial support from the INAF PRIN SKA/CTA project FORmation and Evolution of Cosmic STructures (FORECaST) with Future Radio Surveys. C. Weniger and F. Calore acknowledge collaboration with F. Donato, M. Di Mauro, and J. W. T. Hessels. Their research is funded by NWO through an NWO Vidi research grant. J.A.R. Cembranos and Á. de la Cruz-Dombriz acknowledge financial support from the Consolider-Ingenio MULTIDARK CSD2009-00064 project. A. de la Cruz-Dombriz acknowledges financial support from projects Consolider-Ingenio MULTIDARK CSD2009-00064. FPA2014-53375-C2-1-P Spanish Ministry of Economy and Science, FIS2016-78859-P European Regional Development Fund and Spanish Research Agency (AEI), CA15117 CANTATA and CA16104 COST Actions EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020, CSIC I-LINK1019 Project, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Science, University of Cape Town Launching Grants Programme. A. Dombriz (grant numbers 99077, CSUR150628121624, IFR170131220846) P. Dunsby, J. Larena, Y-z Ma (grant numbers 104800, 105925) are supported by the National Research Foundation (South Africa). M. Méndez-Isla acknowledges financial support from the University of Cape Town Doctoral Fellowships and the Erasmus+ Alliance4Universities Mobility Programme. S. Camera, M. Regis, and N. Fornengo are supported by: the research grant The Anisotropic Dark Universe, number CSTO161409, funded under the programme CSP-UNITO Research for the Territory 2016 by Compagnia di Sanpaolo and University of Torino; the research grants TAsP (Theoretical Astroparticle Physics) and InDark (Inflation, DM and the LSS of the Universe) funded by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN). Their research is also funded by MIUR through the Rita Levi Montalcini project 'prometheus—Probing and Relating Observables with Multi-wavelength Experiments To Help Enlightening the Universe's Structure'. The contribution of S. D. Mohanty to this paper is supported by NSF Grants PHY-1505861 and HRD-0734800. R. Maartens is supported by the South African SKA Project and by the UK STFC, Grant ST/N000668/1. D. Parkinson acknowledges support of the Australian Research Council through the award of a Future Fellowship [Grant No. FT130101086]. A. Pourtsidou's work for this project was partly supported by a Dennis Sciama Fellowship at the University of Portsmouth. M. Regis acknowledges support by the Excellent Young PI Grant: 'The Particle Dark-matter Quest in the Extragalactic Sky' funded by the University of Torino and Compagnia di San Paolo, by 'Deciphering the high-energy sky via cross correlation' funded by Accordo Attuativo ASI-INAF No. 2017-14-H.0., and by the project 'Theoretical Astroparticle Physics (TAsP)' funded by the INFN. M. Sahlén is supported by Olle Engkvist Foundation. Sakellariadou is partially supported by STFC (UK) under the research grant ST/L000326/1. T. Venumadhav acknowledges support from the Schmidt Fellowship and the Fund for Memberships in Natural Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study. F. Vidotto acknowledges support by grant IT956-16 of the Basque Government and by grant FIS2017-85076-P (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE). The work of F. Villaescusa-Navarro is supported by the Simons Foundation. Y. Wang is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grants No. 11973024, No. 91636111, No. 11690021, No. 11503007, and 'the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities' under Grant No. 2019kfyRCPY106. L. Wolz is supported by an ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DE170100356). Part of her research was also supported by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), through project number CE110001020. B. M. Gaensler acknowledges support from: the Dunlap Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, funded through an endowment established by the David Dunlap family and the University of Toronto; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through grant RGPIN-2015-05948; and of the Canada Research Chairs programme. The use of the Planck Legacy Archiver is acknowledged. We acknowledge use of the HEALPixs (Górski et al. 2005) software and analysis package.

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