Graphene-based contrast agents for photoacoustic and thermoacoustic tomography

Creators: Lalwani, Gaurav; Cai, Xin; Nie, Liming; Wang, Lihong V.; Sitharaman, Balaji

Abstract

In this work, graphene nanoribbons and nanoplatelets were investigated as contrast agents for photoacoustic and thermoacoustic tomography (PAT and TAT). We show that oxidized single- and multi-walled graphene oxide nanoribbons (O-SWGNRs, O-MWGNRs) exhibit approximately 5–10 fold signal enhancement for PAT in comparison to blood at the wavelength of 755 nm, and approximately 10–28% signal enhancement for TAT in comparison to deionized (DI) water at 3 GHz. Oxidized graphite microparticles (O-GMPs) and exfoliated graphene oxide nanoplatelets (O-GNPs) show no significant signal enhancement for PAT, and approximately 12–29% signal enhancement for TAT. These results indicate that O-GNRs show promise as multi-modal PAT and TAT contrast agents, and that O-GNPs are suitable contrast agents for TAT.

Additional Information

© 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Received 14 July 2013, Revised 18 September 2013, Accepted 8 October 2013, Available online 22 October 2013. We are grateful to Sandra Matteucci for proof reading of the manuscript. Our work was sponsored by NIH Director's New Innovator Award 1DP2OD007394-01 (to S.B.), Wallace H. Coulter Foundation (S.B.), and NIH grants R01 EB008085, R01 CA140220, R01 CA157277, R01 CA159959, U54 CA136398, and DP1 EB016986 – NIH Director's Pioneer Award (to L.V.W.). L.V.W. has a financial interest in Microphotoacoustics, Inc. and Endra, Inc., which, however, did not support this work. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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