On the Typical Size and Cancelations Among the Coefficients of Some Modular Forms

Abstract

We obtain a nontrivial upper bound for almost all elements of the sequences of real numbers which are multiplicative and at the prime indices are distributed according to the Sato-Tate density. Examples of such sequences come from coefficients of several L-functions of elliptic curves and modular forms. In particular, we show that |τ(n)| ≤ n^(11/2) (log n)^((−1/2) + o(1)) for a set of n of asymptotic density 1, where τ(n) is the Ramanujan τ function while the standard argument yields log 2 instead of −1/2 in the power of the logarithm. Another consequence of our result is that in the number of representations of n by a binary quadratic form one has slightly more than square-root cancellations for almost all integers n. In addition we obtain a central limit theorem for such sequences, assuming a weak hypothesis on the rate of convergence to the Sato--Tate law. For Fourier coefficients of primitive holomorphic cusp forms such a hypothesis is known conditionally assuming the automorphy of all symmetric powers of the form and seems to be within reach unconditionally using the currently established potential automorphy.

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