Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler. VIII. A Fully Automated Catalog with Measured Completeness and Reliability Based on Data Release 25

Creators: Thompson, Susan E.; Coughlin, Jeffrey L.; Hoffman, Kelsey; Mullally, Fergal; Christiansen, Jessie L.; Burke, Christopher J.; Bryson, Steve; Batalha, Natalie; Haas, Michael R.; Catanzarite, Joseph; Rowe, Jason F.; Barentsen, Geert; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Clarke, Bruce D.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Li, Jie; Latham, David W.; Lissauer, Jack J.; Mathur, Savita; Morris, Robert L.; Seader, Shawn E.; Smith, Jeffrey C.; Klaus, Todd C.; Twicken, Joseph D.; Van Cleve, Jeffrey E.; Wohler, Bill; Akeson, Rachel; Ciardi, David R.; Cochran, William D.; Henze, Christopher E.; Howell, Steve B.; Huber, Daniel; Prša, Andrej; Ramírez, Solange V.; Morton, Timothy D.; Barclay, Thomas; Campbell, Jennifer R.; Chaplin, William J.; Charbonneau, David; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen; Dotson, Jessie L.; Doyle, Laurance; Dunham, Edward W.; Dupree, Andrea K.; Ford, Eric B.; Geary, John C.; Girouard, Forrest R.; Isaacson, Howard; Kjeldsen, Hans; Quintana, Elisa V.; Ragozzine, Darin; Shabram, Megan; Shporer, Avi; Silva Aguirre, Victor; Steffen, Jason H.; Still, Martin; Tenenbaum, Peter; Welsh, William F.; Wolfgang, Angie; Zamudio, Khadeejah A; Koch, David G.; Borucki, William J.

Abstract

We present the Kepler Object of Interest (KOI) catalog of transiting exoplanets based on searching 4 yr of Kepler time series photometry (Data Release 25, Q1–Q17). The catalog contains 8054 KOIs, of which 4034 are planet candidates with periods between 0.25 and 632 days. Of these candidates, 219 are new, including two in multiplanet systems (KOI-82.06 and KOI-2926.05) and 10 high-reliability, terrestrial-size, habitable zone candidates. This catalog was created using a tool called the Robovetter, which automatically vets the DR25 threshold crossing events (TCEs). The Robovetter also vetted simulated data sets and measured how well it was able to separate TCEs caused by noise from those caused by low signal-to-noise transits. We discuss the Robovetter and the metrics it uses to sort TCEs. For orbital periods less than 100 days the Robovetter completeness (the fraction of simulated transits that are determined to be planet candidates) across all observed stars is greater than 85%. For the same period range, the catalog reliability (the fraction of candidates that are not due to instrumental or stellar noise) is greater than 98%. However, for low signal-to-noise candidates between 200 and 500 days around FGK-dwarf stars, the Robovetter is 76.7% complete and the catalog is 50.5% reliable. The KOI catalog, the transit fits, and all of the simulated data used to characterize this catalog are available at the NASA Exoplanet Archive.

Additional Information

© 2018. The American Astronomical Society. Received 2017 October 13; revised 2018 February 18; accepted 2018 March 1; published 2018 April 9. The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for providing comments that improved the clarity and accuracy of this manuscript. This paper includes data collected by the Kepler mission. The Kepler mission was a PI-led Discovery Class Mission funded by the NASA Science Mission directorate. The authors acknowledge the efforts of the Kepler mission team for generating the many data products used to create the KOI catalog. These products were generated by the Kepler mission science pipeline through the efforts of the Kepler Science Operations Center and Science Office. The Kepler mission is led by the project office at NASA Ames Research Center. Ball Aerospace built the Kepler photometer and spacecraft, which is operated by the mission operations center at LASP. We acknowledge the Kepler Education and Outreach team for their efforts in making the results of this paper accessible to the public. We thank the many scientists who contributed to the Kepler mission over the years, including R. Gilliland, E. Furlan, J. Orosz, and K. Colón. We thank the managers and engineers who worked on Kepler over the years, without whom we would not have had a successful Kepler mission. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. We thank GNU parallel for enabling rapid running of the Robovetter input metrics (Tange 2011). We thank P. P. Mullally for inspiring the names of certain algorithms. Thank you to Turbo-King et al. (2017) for a spirited discussion. Some of the data products used in this paper are archived at the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. Some of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NNX09AF08G and by other grants and contracts. J.F.R. acknowledges support from NASA grant NNX14AB82G issued through the Kepler Participating Scientist Program. This research was undertaken, in part, thanks to funding from the Canada Research Chairs program. This research was enabled, in part, by support provided by Calcul Québec (www.calculquebec.ca) and Compute Canada (www.computecanada.ca). D.H. and S.M. acknowledge support by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant NNX14AB92G issued through the Kepler Participating Scientist Program. J.L.C. is supported by NASA under award no. GRNASM99G000001. J.S. is supported by the NASA Kepler Participating Scientist Program NNX16AK32G. W.F.W. gratefully acknowledges support from NASA via the Kepler Participating Scientist Program grant NNX14AB91G. V.S.A. acknowledges support from VILLUM FONDEN (research grant 10118). Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is provided by the Danish National Research Foundation (grant DNRF106). The research was supported by the ASTERISK project (ASTERoseismic Investigations with SONG and Kepler) funded by the European Research Council (grant agreement no. 267864). Software: George (Ambikasaran et al. 2014), Kepler Science Data Processing Pipeline (https://github.com/nasa/kepler-pipeline), Robovetter (https://github.com/nasa/kepler-robovetter), Marshall (https://sourceforge.net/projects/marshall/), Centroid Robovetter (Mullally 2017), LPP Metric (Thompson et al. 2015a), Model-Shift Uniqueness Test (Rowe et al. 2015a), Scipy package (https://www.scipy.org), Ephemeris Match (https://github.com/JeffLCoughlin/EphemMatch), Kepler: Kepler Transit Model Codebase Release, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.60297.

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