Recognition motif and mechanism of ripening inhibitory peptides in plant hormone receptor ETR1

Creators: Milić, Dalibor; Dick, Markus; Mulnaes, Daniel; Pfleger, Christopher; Kinnen, Anna; Gohlke, Holger; Groth, Georg

Abstract

Synthetic peptides derived from ethylene-insensitive protein 2 (EIN2), a central regulator of ethylene signalling, were recently shown to delay fruit ripening by interrupting protein–protein interactions in the ethylene signalling pathway. Here, we show that the inhibitory peptide NOP-1 binds to the GAF domain of ETR1 – the prototype of the plant ethylene receptor family. Site-directed mutagenesis and computational studies reveal the peptide interaction site and a plausible molecular mechanism for the ripening inhibition.

Additional Information

© 2018 The Author(s). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. This work was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Research within the framework of the NRW Strategieprojekt BioSC (No. 313/323-400-002 13) by the boost fund 'RIPE' granted to H.G. and G.G. and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, CRC 1208, project B06 (G.G.) and project A03 (H.G.). We are grateful for computational support and infrastructure provided by the "Zentrum für Informations- und Medientechnologie" (ZIM) at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf and the computing time provided by the John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC) to H.G. on the supercomputer JURECA at Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) (user ID: HKF7). Financial support by DFG for funds (INST 208/704-1 FUGG) to purchase the hybrid computer cluster used in this study is gratefully acknowledged. G.G. and H.G. designed research; D.M., M.D., D.M., C.P., A.K. performed research; all authors analysed data; all authors wrote the manuscript. The authors declare no competing interests. Publisher's note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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