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Published December 28, 2017 | Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

Stabilization of hybrid perovskite CH_3NH_3PbI_3 thin films by graphene passivation

Abstract

We report the long-term stability of water-sensitive hybrid perovskites CH_3NH_3PbI_3 that were protected with monolayer graphene. This successful passivation was enabled by our development of a new water-free and polymer-free graphene transfer method. Monolayer graphene samples grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and transferred onto different substrates with the water/polymer-free method were found to preserve their high-quality characteristics after the transfer, as manifested by the studies of Raman, X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (XPS and UPS), optical absorption, and sheet resistance. Additionally, XPS, UPS and optical absorption studies of fully graphene-covered CH_3NH_3PbI_3 thin films showed spectral invariance even after 3 months, which was in sharp contrast to the drastic spectral changes after merely one week in control CH_3NH_3PbI_3 samples without graphene protection. This successful demonstration of the graphene-enabled passivation and long-term stability of CH_3NH_3PbI_3 thin films therefore opens up a new pathway towards realistic photovoltaic applications of hybrid perovskites.

Additional Information

© 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Received 1st September 2017, Accepted 11th November 2017, First published on 13th November 2017. The work at Caltech was supported by the Grubstake Award. We thank Professor George Rossman for the use of his Raman spectrometer, and acknowledge the use of the XPS/UPS facilities at the Beckman Institute and the AFM and the four-point probe station in the Kavli Nanoscience Institute. W.-S. Tseng acknowledges the partial support from the Dragon Gate Program by the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan, and M.-H. Jao acknowledges the partial support from the Office of Research and Development at the National Taiwan University. We also thank Yiliang Li for assisting in the measurements of the graphene sheet resistance. There are no conflicts to declare.

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