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Published February 1999 | Submitted + Published
Journal Article Open

Quantum nonlocality without entanglement

Abstract

We exhibit an orthogonal set of product states of two three-state particles that nevertheless cannot be reliably distinguished by a pair of separated observers ignorant of which of the states has been presented to them, even if the observers are allowed any sequence of local operations and classical communication between the separate observers. It is proved that there is a finite gap between the mutual information obtainable by a joint measurement on these states and a measurement in which only local actions are permitted. This result implies the existence of separable superoperators that cannot be implemented locally. A set of states are found involving three two-state particles that also appear to be nonmeasurable locally. These and other multipartite states are classified according to the entropy and entanglement costs of preparing and measuring them by local operations.

Additional Information

© 1999 The American Physical Society. Received 17 June 1998. Part of this work was completed during the Elsag-Bailey—ISI Foundation research meeting on quantum computation. C.A.F. has been supported by the Lee A. DuBridge Foundation and by DARPA through the Quantum Information and Computing (QUIC) Institute, administered by the U.S. Army Research Office. We thank Michał Horodecki, Peter Høyer, N. David Mermin, Sandu Popescu, Barbara Terhal, and Reinhard Werner for very helpful discussions.

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Published - PhysRevA.59.1070.pdf

Submitted - 9804053.pdf

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