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Published July 2017 | Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

Phosphorus zoning as a recorder of crystal growth kinetics: application to second-generation olivine in mantle xenoliths from the Cima Volcanic Field

Abstract

Composite mantle xenoliths from the Cima Volcanic Field (CA, USA) contain glassy veins that cross-cut lithologic layering and preserve evidence of lithospheric melt infiltration events. Compositions and textures of minerals and glasses from these veins have the potential to place constraints on the rates and extents of reaction during infiltration. We studied glass-bearing regions of two previously undescribed composite xenoliths, including optical petrography and chemical analysis for major and trace elements by electron probe microanalysis and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The petrogenetic history of each vein involves melt intrusion, cooling accompanied by both wall-rock reaction and crystallization, quench of melt to a glass, and possibly later modifications. Exotic secondary olivine crystals in the veins display concentric phosphorus (P)-rich zoning, P-rich glass inclusions, and zoning of rapidly diffusing elements (e.g., Li) that we interpret as records of rapid disequilibrium events and cooling rates on the order of 10 °C/h. Nevertheless, thermodynamic modeling of the diversity of glass compositions recorded in one of the samples demonstrates extensive reaction with Mg-rich olivine from the matrix before final quench. Our results serve as a case study of methods for interpreting the rates and processes of lithospheric melt-rock reactions in many continental and oceanic environments.

Additional Information

© 2017 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany. Received: 28 February 2017. Accepted: 29 May 2017. Communicated by Othmar Müntener. The studied specimens were loaned for this research by the Division of Petrology and Volcanology, Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution. We are grateful for the editorial handling by Mark Ghiorso, and the fruitful comments made by Benoit Welsch and an anonymous reviewer. I.B. funds for this research project implemented within the framework of the Action «Supporting Postdoctoral Researchers» of the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" (Action's Beneficiary: General Secretariat for Research and Technology), and is co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Greek State, and the IKYDA project with title: "Petrology and Geochemistry of composite mantle xenoliths". PDA is supported by the US NSF through geoinformatics award EAR-1550934. Quadlab is funded by a Grant to MS from the Villum Foundation. JWB was supported by NASA Grant NNX13AG40G. DP acknowledges the European Research Council (ERC) for the Consolidator Grant ERC-2013-CoG No. 612776–CHRONOS. We are really grateful for thoughtful comments by Prof. Ed Stolper and his contributions throughout the gestation of this manuscript. An earlier version of this manuscript was reviewed by G. Wörner, Cliff Shaw, Benoit Welsch, and an anonymous reviewer.

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Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
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