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Published June 20, 2017 | Accepted Version
Journal Article Open

The Enteric Network: Interactions between the Immune and Nervous Systems of the Gut

Abstract

Interactions between the nervous and immune systems enable the gut to respond to the variety of dietary products that it absorbs, the broad spectrum of pathogens that it encounters, and the diverse microbiome that it harbors. The enteric nervous system (ENS) senses and reacts to the dynamic ecosystem of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by translating chemical cues from the environment into neuronal impulses that propagate throughout the gut and into other organs in the body, including the central nervous system (CNS). This review will describe the current understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the GI tract by focusing on the ENS and the mucosal immune system. We highlight emerging literature that the ENS is essential for important aspects of microbe-induced immune responses in the gut. Although most basic and applied research in neuroscience has focused on the brain, the proximity of the ENS to the immune system and its interface with the external environment suggest that novel paradigms for nervous system function await discovery.

Additional Information

© 2017 Elsevier Inc. Available online 20 June 2017. We thank Gregory Donaldson and Drs. Timothy Sampson and Hiutung Chu for critical reading of this manuscript. B.B.Y. is supported by an NIH xTrain Predoctoral Training grant (5T32GM007616-38). Related research in the Mazmanian laboratory is funded by grants from the NIH (MH100556, DK078938, and NS085910), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Heritage Medical Research Institute, and the Simons Foundation.

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August 21, 2023
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October 26, 2023