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Published March 1, 2005 | Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

Dendrimer Enhanced Ultrafiltration. 1. Recovery of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solutions Using PAMAM Dendrimers with Ethylene Diamine Core and Terminal NH_2 Groups

Abstract

This article discusses the feasibility of using dendrimer enhanced ultrafiltration (DEUF) to recover Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. Building upon the results of fundamental investigations of Cu(II) binding to PAMAM dendrimers with ethylenediamine (EDA) core and terminal NH_2 groups, we combine (i) dead-end ultrafiltration (UF) experiments with (ii) atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization of membrane fouling to assess the feasibility of using DEUF to recover Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. On a mass basis, the Cu(II) binding capacities of the EDA core PAMAM dendrimers are much larger and more sensitive to solution pH than those of linear polymers with amine groups. The dendrimer−Cu(II) complexes can be efficiently separated from aqueous solutions by ultrafiltration. The metal ion laden dendrimers can be regenerated by decreasing the solution pH to 4.0; thus enabling the recovery of the bound Cu(II) ions and recycling of the dendrimers. The UF measurements and AFM characterization studies show that EDA core PAMAM dendrimers with terminal NH_2 groups have very low tendency to foul the commercially available regenerated cellulose (RC) membranes evaluated in this study. The overall results of these experiments suggest that DEUF is a promising process for recovering metal ions such as Cu(II) from aqueous solutions.

Additional Information

© 2005 American Chemical Society. Received 7 July 2004. Date accepted 17 December 2004. Published online 22 January 2005. Published in print 1 March 2005. The core funding for this work was provided to Howard University and the California Institute of Technology by the National Science Foundation (NSF Grants CTS-0086727 and CTS-0329436) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (NCER STAR Grant R829626). Partial funding for this research was also provided to Howard University by the Department of Energy (Cooperative Agreement EW15254), the W. M. Keck Foundation, and the NSF Sponsored Cornell University Nanobiotechnology Center. This center is funded by the STC Program of the National Science Foundation under Agreement ECS-9876771. We thank Ms. Sa'Nia Carasquero (gradu ate student in chemical engineering), Mr. Kwesi Falconer (graduate student in environmental engineering), and Mr. Kori Flowers (undergraduate student in civil engineering) of Howard University School of Engineering for their assistance with the ultrafiltration experiments.

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