Published July 1987 | public
Journal Article

Energy constraints on parameterized models

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Abstract

A simple but general approach to imposing and solving geometric constraints on parameterized models is introduced, applicable to animation as well as model construction. Constraints are expressed as energy functions, and the energy gradient followed through the model's parameter space. Intuitively, energy constraints behave like forces that pull and parametrically deform the parts of the model into place. A wide variety of geometric constraints are amenable to this formulation, and may be used to influence arbitrary model parameters. A catalogue of basic constraints is presented, and results are shown.

Additional Information

© 1987 ACM. All images were rendered by Kurt Fleischer using his modeling testbed system (M-BLORB) on a Symbolics LISP Machine. Michael Kass helped design some of the constraints, and provided helpful comments on early ver[s]ions of this paper. We thank Demetri Terzopoulos, John Platt, and Michael Kass for valuable discussions and goop.

Additional details

Created:
August 19, 2023
Modified:
October 24, 2023