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Published December 2016 | Published + Accepted Version + Submitted
Journal Article Open

Real-space mean-field theory of a spin-1 Bose gas in synthetic dimensions

Abstract

The internal degrees of freedom provided by ultracold atoms provide a route for realizing higher dimensional physics in systems with limited spatial dimensions. Nonspatial degrees of freedom in these systems are dubbed "synthetic dimensions." This connection is useful from an experimental standpoint but complicated by the fact that interactions alter the condensate ground state. Here we use the Gross-Pitaevskii equation to study the ground-state properties of a spin-1 Bose gas under the combined influence of an optical lattice, spatially varying spin-orbit coupling, and interactions at the mean-field level. The associated phases depend on the sign of the spin-dependent interaction parameter and the strength of the spin-orbit field. We find "charge"- and spin-density-wave phases which are directly related to helical spin order in real space and affect the behavior of edge currents in the synthetic dimension. We determine the resulting phase diagram as a function of the spin-orbit coupling and spin-dependent interaction strength, considering both attractive (ferromagnetic) and repulsive (polar) spin-dependent interactions, and we provide a direct comparison of our results with the noninteracting case. Our findings are applicable to current and future experiments, specifically with ^(87)Rb, ^7Li, ^(41)K, and ^(23)Na.

Additional Information

© 2016 American Physical Society. Received 9 August 2016; published 15 December 2016. We would like to thank William Cole and Sankar Das Sarma for useful discussions as well as collaborations on related work. This work was partially supported by the NSF through the PFC at the JQI via the PFC seed grant "Emergent phenomena in interacting spin-orbit coupled gases" (H.M.H., J.H.P., S.S.N.) for support, JQI-NSF-PFC, LPS-MPO-CMTC, and Microsoft Q (J.H.P. and S.S.N.). H.M.H. acknowledges additional fellowship support from the National Physical Science Consortium and NSA. Additional support was provided by the ARO's (Army Research Office) Atomtronics MURI and by the AFOSR's Quantum Matter MURI, NIST, and the NSF through the PFC at the JQI (I.B.S., J.H.W.).

Attached Files

Published - PhysRevA.94.063613.pdf

Accepted Version - nihms847834.pdf

Submitted - 1608.01346v2.pdf

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Additional details

Created:
August 19, 2023
Modified:
October 23, 2023