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Published November 11, 2016 | Submitted + Published
Journal Article Open

The missing satellite problem in 3D

Abstract

It is widely believed that the large discrepancy between the observed number of satellite galaxies and the predicted number of dark subhaloes can be resolved via a variety of baryonic effects which suppress star formation in low-mass haloes. Supporting this hypothesis, numerous high-resolution simulations with star formation and associated feedback have been shown to reproduce the satellite luminosity function around Milky Way-mass simulated galaxies at redshift zero. However, a more stringent test of these models is their ability to simultaneously match the satellite luminosity functions of a range of host halo masses and redshifts. In this work, we measure the luminosity function of faint (sub-Small Magellanic Cloud luminosity) satellites around hosts with stellar masses 10.5 < log_(10)M*/M⊙ < 11.5 to an unprecedented redshift of 1.5. This new measurement of the satellite luminosity function provides powerful new constraining power; we compare these results with predictions from four different simulations and show that although the models perform similarly overall, no one model reproduces the satellite luminosity function reliably at all redshifts and host stellar masses. This result highlights the continued need for improvement in understanding the fundamental physics that governs satellite galaxy evolution.

Additional Information

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. Accepted 2016 July 25. Received 2016 July 25. In original form 2016 March 3. First published online July 30, 2016. We thank Quan Guo for very helpful comments. We also thank R. Skelton and I. Momcheva for very helpful discussions and support with the 3D-HST data. Support for this work was provided by NASA through grant number HST-AR 13732 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The Bolshoi and MultiDark simulations have been performed within the Bolshoi project of the University of California High-Performance AstroComputing Center (UC-HiPACC) and were run at the NASA Ames Research Center. The MultiDark-Planck (MDPL) and the BigMD simulation suite have been performed in the Supermuc supercomputer at LRZ using time granted by PRACE. PT acknowledges support from NASA ATP Grant NNX14AH35G. PT and MV acknowledge support through an MIT RSC award. The Illustris simulation was run on the CURIE supercomputer at CEA/France as part of PRACE project RA0844, and the SuperMUC computer at the Leibniz Computing Centre, Germany, as part of project pr85je. The analysis presented in this paper was run on the Harvard Odyssey and CfA/ITC clusters and though allocation TG-AST150059 granted by the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) supported by the NSF.

Attached Files

Published - MNRAS-2016-Nierenberg-4473-81.pdf

Submitted - 1603.01614v1.pdf

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August 19, 2023
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October 23, 2023