Field Effect Optoelectronic Modulation of Quantum-Confined Carriers in Black Phosphorus
Abstract
We report measurements of the infrared optical response of thin black phosphorus under field-effect modulation. We interpret the observed spectral changes as a combination of an ambipolar Burstein–Moss (BM) shift of the absorption edge due to band-filling under gate control, and a quantum confined Franz-Keldysh (QCFK) effect, phenomena that have been proposed theoretically to occur for black phosphorus under an applied electric field. Distinct optical responses are observed depending on the flake thickness and starting carrier concentration. Transmission extinction modulation amplitudes of more than two percent are observed, suggesting the potential for use of black phosphorus as an active material in mid-infrared optoelectronic modulator applications.
Additional Information
© 2016 American Chemical Society. Received: August 10, 2016; Revised: December 11, 2016; Published: December 22, 2016. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46405. The authors gratefully acknowledge use of the facilities of beamline 1.4.3 at the Advanced Light Source, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. M.C.S. and D.J. acknowledge support by the Resnick Institute, and W.S.W. acknowledges support by the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors are grateful to Victor Brar for helpful discussions. Author Contributions: W.S.W. and M.C.S. contributed equally to this work. The authors declare no competing financial interest.Attached Files
Submitted - 1608.02561.pdf
Supplemental Material - nl6b03362_si_001.pdf
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Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 71979
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20161114-090220876
- DE-FG02-07ER46405
- Department of Energy (DOE)
- DE-AC02-05CH11231
- Department of Energy (DOE)
- Resnick Sustainability Institute
- National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship
- Created
-
2016-11-15Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
-
2021-11-11Created from EPrint's last_modified field
- Caltech groups
- Resnick Sustainability Institute, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences