Comparison of Coseismic Near-field and Off-fault Surface Deformation Patterns of the 1992 M_w 7.3 Landers and 1999 M_w 7.1 Hector Mine Earthquakes: Implications for Controls on the Distribution of Surface Strain
Abstract
Sub-pixel correlation of pre- and post-event air photos reveal the complete near-field, horizontal surface deformation patterns of the 1992 M_w 7.3 Landers and 1999 M_w 7.1 Hector Mine ruptures. Total surface displacement values for both earthquakes are systematically larger than 'on-fault' displacements from geologic field surveys, indicating significant distributed, inelastic deformation occurred along these ruptures. Comparison of these two datasets show 46 ± 10% and 39 ± 22% of the total surface deformation was distributed over fault zones averaging 154 m and 121 m in width for the Landers and Hector Mine events, respectively. Spatial variations of distributed deformation along both ruptures show correlations with the type of near-surface lithology and degree of fault complexity; larger amounts of distributed shear occur where the rupture propagated through loose unconsolidated sediments, and areas of more complex fault structure. These results have basic implications for geologic-geodetic rate comparisons, and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis.
Additional Information
© 2016 American Geophysical Union. Received 1 JUN 2016; Accepted 25 AUG 2016; Accepted article online 31 AUG 2016; Published online 7 OCT 2016. This research was funded by the US National Science Foundation (NSF EAR-1147436 grant to Dolan). We thank Jerry Treiman for his help acquiring additional field measurements of the Landers earthquake. Finally we thank Ed Nissen and an anonymous reviewer for the helpful comments which greatly improved the manuscript. We thank the USGS for the EarthExplorer website (http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/), which greatly simplified access to the aerial photographs used in this study. Data used in this study can be found as supplementary tables online (Tables S1-S6).Attached Files
Published - Milliner_et_al-2016-Geophysical_Research_Letters.pdf
Supplemental Material - grl54959-sup-0001-2016GL069841_S01.docx
Supplemental Material - grl54959-sup-0002-2016GL069841_ts01.xlsx
Supplemental Material - grl54959-sup-0003-2016GL069841_ts02.xlsx
Supplemental Material - grl54959-sup-0004-2016GL069841_ts03.xlsx
Supplemental Material - grl54959-sup-0005-2016GL069841_ts04.xlsx
Supplemental Material - grl54959-sup-0006-2016GL069841_ts05.xlsx
Supplemental Material - grl54959-sup-0007-2016GL069841_ts06.xlsx
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Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 70071
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20160831-103039374
- EAR-1147436
- NSF
- Created
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2016-08-31Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2021-11-11Created from EPrint's last_modified field