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Published May 31, 2016 | Published
Journal Article Open

Numerical simulations of stellar collapse in scalar-tensor theories of gravity

Abstract

We present numerical-relativity simulations of spherically symmetric core collapse and compact-object formation in scalar-tensor theories of gravity. The additional scalar degree of freedom introduces a propagating monopole gravitational-wave mode. Detection of monopole scalar waves with current and future gravitational-wave experiments may constitute smoking gun evidence for strong-field modifications of general relativity. We collapse both polytropic and more realistic pre-supernova profiles using a high-resolution shock-capturing scheme and an approximate prescription for the nuclear equation of state. The most promising sources of scalar radiation are protoneutron stars collapsing to black holes. In case of a galactic core collapse event forming a black hole, Advanced LIGO may be able to place independent constraints on the parameters of the theory at a level comparable to current solar-system and binary-pulsar measurements. In the region of the parameter space admitting spontaneously scalarised stars, transition to configurations with prominent scalar hair before black-hole formation further enhances the emitted signal. Although a more realistic treatment of the microphysics is necessary to fully investigate the occurrence of spontaneous scalarisation of neutron star remnants, we speculate that formation of such objects could constrain the parameters of the theory beyond the current bounds obtained with solar-system and binary-pulsar experiments.

Additional Information

© 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Received 23 February 2016, revised 21 April 2016; Accepted for publication 28 April 2016; Published 31 May 2016. We thank Chris Moore, Jerome Novak, Evan O'Connor, Norbert Wex, Paulo Freire and Carlos Sopuerta for fruitful discussions. DG is supported by the UK STFC and the Isaac Newton Studentship of the University of Cambridge. US is supported by the H2020 ERC Consolidator Grant 'Matter and strong-field gravity: New frontiers in Einstein's theory' grant agreement No. MaGRaTh-646597, the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skludowska-Curie grant agreement 690904, the STFC Consolidator Grant No. ST/L000636/1, the SDSC Comet and TACC Stampede clusters through NSF-XSEDE Award Nos. TG-PHY090003 and TG-PHY100033, the Cambridge High Performance Computing Service Supercomputer Darwin using Strategic Research Infrastructure Funding from the HEFCE and the STFC, and DiRAC's Cosmos Shared Memory system through BIS Grant No. ST/J005673/1 and STFC Grant Nos. ST/H008586/1, ST/K00333X/1. CDO is partially supported by NSF under award Nos. CAREER PHY-1151197, and PHY-1404569, and by the International Research Unit of Advanced Future Studies, Kyoto University. Figures were generated using the PYTHON-based MATPLOTLIB package [124]. This article has been assigned Yukawa Institute report number YITP-16-14.

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