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Published May 2015 | public
Book Section - Chapter

Development of Interconnection Materials for Bi_2Te_3 and PbTe Thermoelectric Module by using SLID Technique

Abstract

In this study, low-temperature Bi_2Te_3 and mid-temperature PbTe thermoelectric modules are assembled by the technique of Solid Liquid Interdiffusion (SLID). Scanning electron microscope is carried out for issues relating to factors limiting the reliability, growth of intermetallic compounds, and thermal stability. For low-temperature thermoelectric module, N-type Bi_2Te_3 is bonded to alumina substrates by using a Ni/Sn/Ag system. During bonding and subsequent aging reaction at 200 °C, Sn reacts with Ag to form Ag_3Sn, and Ni reacts with Sn to form Ni_3Sn_4. This reaction process takes less than 72 h to exhaust the entire Sn layer to produce a bonding that can withstand temperature as high as 480 °C. The interfacial reaction, Ni penetration depth, and IMC kinetics between Ni and Bi_2Te_3 at 200, 250, and 300 °C are also investigated in detail. For mid-temperature thermoelectric module, N-type PbTe is bonded to alumina substrates by using a Ag/In/Ag system. During assembly at 190 °C, all Ag/In/Ag joint are transformed into Ag_2In, which has the melting temperature above 670 °C, in less than 2 minutes. Furthermore, this Ag-In joint has passed high temperature storage test at 400 °C for 1000 h. The success of solid liquid interdiffusion technique and related contact materials provide a cost effective way to assemble thermoelectric modules for power generating or cooling applications which require long term operations at high temperatures.

Additional Information

© 2015 IEEE. This study is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (101-2221-E-002-162-MY3), National Taiwan University (103R891804), the Industrial Technology Research Institute, and the Caltech DOW-Bridge program.

Additional details

Created:
August 20, 2023
Modified:
October 18, 2023