Cation-Mutation Design of Quaternary Nitride Semiconductors Lattice-Matched to GaN
Abstract
The search for new direct bandgap, earth-abundant semiconductors for efficient, high-quality optoelectronic devices, as well as photovoltaic and photocatalytic energy conversion has attracted considerable interest. One methodology for the search is to study ternary and multiternary semiconductors with more elements and more flexible properties. Cation mutation such as binary → ternary → quaternary for ZnS → CuGaS_2 → Cu_2ZnSnS_4 and ZnO → LiGaO_2 → Li_2ZnGeO_4 led to a series of new quaternary chalcogenide and oxide semiconductors with wide applications. Similarly, starting with GaN, ternary nitrides such as ZnSnN_2 and ZnGeN_2 have been designed and synthesized recently. However, quaternary nitride semiconductors have never been reported either theoretically or experimentally. Through a combination of the Materials Genome database with the first-principles calculations, we designed a series of quaternary nitride compounds I–III–Ge_2N_4 (I = Cu, Ag, Li, Na, K; III = Al, Ga, In) following the GaN → ZnGeN_2 → I–III–Ge_2N_4 mutation. Akin to Li_2ZnGeO_4, these quaternary nitrides crystallize in a wurtzite-derived structure as their ground state. The thermodynamic stability analysis shows that while most of them are not stable with respect to phase separation, there are two key exceptions (i.e., LiAlGe_2N_4 and LiGaGe_2N_4), which are stable and can be synthesized without any secondary phases. Interestingly, they are both lattice-matched to GaN and ZnO, and their band gaps are direct and larger than that of GaN, 4.36 and 3.74 eV, respectively. They have valence band edges as low as ZnO and conduction band edges as high as GaN, thereby combining the best of GaN and ZnO in a single material. We predict that flexible and efficient band structure engineering can be achieved through forming GaN/LiAlGe_2N_4/LiGaGe_2N_4 heterostructures, which have tremendous potential for ultraviolet optoelectronics.
Additional Information
© 2015 American Chemical Society. Received: September 9, 2015. Revised: October 31, 2015. Published: November 2, 2015. We thank Prof. Jiang Tang for the helpful discussion about the viable synthesis strategy. The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 91233121, 61125403), Shanghai Rising-Star Program (grant no. 14QA1401500), Special Funds for Major State Basic Research (grant no. 2012CB921401, 2014CB921104), PCSIRT and the computer center of ECNU. P.N. is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Resnick Sustainability Institute at Caltech. The authors declare no competing financial interest.Attached Files
Supplemental Material - cm5b03536_si_001.pdf
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Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 63355
- DOI
- 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b03536
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20160104-163003841
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 91233121
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 61125403
- Shanghai Rising-Star Program
- 14QA1401500
- Special Funds for Major State Basic Research
- 2012CB921401
- Special Funds for Major State Basic Research
- 2014CB921104
- Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT)
- NSF
- Resnick Sustainability Institute
- Created
-
2016-01-05Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
-
2021-11-10Created from EPrint's last_modified field
- Caltech groups
- Resnick Sustainability Institute