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Published August 2015 | Published
Journal Article Open

Basin-Wavelength Equatorial Deep Jet Signals across Three Oceans

Abstract

Equatorial deep jets (EDJs) are equatorially trapped, stacked, zonal currents that reverse direction every few hundred meters in depth throughout much of the water column. This study evaluates their structure observationally in all three oceans using new high-vertical-resolution Argo float conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) instrument profiles from 2010 to 2014 augmented with historical shipboard CTD data from 1972 to 2014 and lower-vertical-resolution Argo float profiles from 2007 to 2014. The vertical strain of density is calculated from the profiles and analyzed in a stretched vertical coordinate system determined from the mean vertical density structure. The power spectra of vertical strain in each basin are analyzed using wavelet decomposition. In the Indian and Pacific Oceans, there are two distinct peaks in the power spectra, one Kelvin wave–like and the other entirely consistent with the dispersion relation of a linear, first meridional mode, equatorial Rossby wave. In the Atlantic Ocean, the first meridional mode Rossby wave signature is very strong and dominates. In all three ocean basins, Rossby wave–like signatures are coherent across the basin width and appear to have wavelengths the scale of the basin width, with periods of about 5 yr in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans and about 12 yr in the Pacific Ocean. Their observed meridional scales are about 1.5 times the linear theoretical values. Their phase propagation is downward with time, implying upward energy propagation if linear wave dynamics hold.

Additional Information

© 2015 American Meteorological Society. Manuscript received 3 September 2014, in final form 26 May 2015. MKY was supported by the NOAA Hollings Scholar Program, and GCJ was supported by NOAA research. We thank all those who helped to collect, process, calibrate, and archive the shipboard CTD and Argo data. The Argo program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. Argo data are collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu; http://argo.jcommops.org). We also thank François Ascani, Eric Firing, William Kessler, Dennis Moore, LuAnne Thompson, and two anonymous reviewers for useful discussions and comments.

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August 20, 2023
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