Field Intercomparison of Five Types of Fogwater Collectors

Creators: Hering, Susanne V.; Blumenthal, Donald L.; Brewer, Robert L.; Gertler, Alan; Hoffmann, Michael; Kadlecek, John A.; Pettus, Keith

Abstract

Fog samplers of five different designs were operated simultaneously to assess differences, if any, in measured acidity, analyte concentrations, and liquid water collection efficiencies. Measurements were made at Henninger Flats, a mountainous site at 777 m msl overlooking the Los Angeles, CA, basin. Samplers were operated by Aero Vironment, Inc. (Monrovia, CA), the California Institute of Technology (Pasadena, CA), the Desert Research Institute (Reno, NV), Global Geochemistry Corp. (Canoga Park, CA), and the State University of New York Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (Albany, NY).

Additional Information

© 1987 American Chemical Society. Received for review March 17,1986. Revised manuscript received. October 20, 1986. Accepted February 27, 1987. Publication Date: July 1987. This work was sponsored by the Coordinating Research Council, the Southern California Edison Company, and the Western Oil and Gas Association. The field coordination and data analyses were performed by Sonoma Technology under contract to the Coordinating Research Council CAPA-21 Committee, under the direction of Robert Gorse. The sampling site was provided by the Forestry Division of the Los Angeles County Fire Department. Laboratory facilities were provided by CIT. Logistics support, meteorological forecasting, and many ancillary measurements were provided by Southern California Edison personnel under the direction of Carol Ellis. The project was possible only through the efforts and contributions of the many participants. These include George Colovos and Susanne Ozdemir of the Combustion Engineering Environmental Services Laboratory, who provided the fogwater chemical analyses. William Munger, Jed Waldman, and Daniel Jacob of the California Institute of Technology operated the laser transmissometer and an optical counter in addition to their fog samplers. Greg Kok of the National Center for Atmospheric Research provided on-site measurements of hydrogen peroxide. Many people dedicated their nighttime hours to the operation of the instrumentation, including Bradley Muller of AeroVironment, Win Proctor, John Word, and Jack Dea of the Desert Research Institute, Richard Brewer of Global Geochemistry, John Del Santo, Ken Webster, and Nancy Camarota of Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, and Stan Marsh, Larry Bregman, Andrew Huang, and Laura Games of Edison. On-site pH and fogwater mass measurements were made with the able assistance of Diane Austin (STI) and Don Buchholz (STI). Me1 Zeldin (SCE) and Stan Marsh (SCE) provided meteorological forecasting. SuzAnne Twiss, Willard Richards, and Mel Widawski assisted in the statistical analyses, and Bruce Appel helped design the chemical protocol and quality-assurance procedures. For their enthusiastic cooperation and assistance, we thank the Forestry personnel, including Clyde Bragden, Robert Johnson, Martin Gebrude, and Karl Fisher, and the California Institute of Technology staff, especially Elton Daly, Elaine Granger, Joan Mathews, and Sandy Brooks. We also thank Dave Wilbur, Dave Miller, and Ted Smith for their advice in the program planning, and Stephanie Duckhorn, Phyllis Gilbert, and the late J. A. McDonald for their able assistance in the manuscript preparation.

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Field Intercomparison of Five Types of Fogwater Collectors

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