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Published May 1, 2015 | Published + Submitted
Journal Article Open

Pathway to the Galactic Distribution of Planets: Combined Spitzer and Ground-Based Microlens Parallax Measurements of 21 Single-Lens Events

Abstract

We present microlens parallax measurements for 21 (apparently) isolated lenses observed toward the Galactic bulge that were imaged simultaneously from Earth and Spitzer, which was ~1 AU west of Earth in projection. We combine these measurements with a kinematic model of the Galaxy to derive distance estimates for each lens, with error bars that are small compared to the Sun's galactocentric distance. The ensemble therefore yields a well-defined cumulative distribution of lens distances. In principle, it is possible to compare this distribution against a set of planets detected in the same experiment in order to measure the Galactic distribution of planets. Since these Spitzer observations yielded only one planet, this is not yet possible in practice. However, it will become possible as larger samples are accumulated.

Additional Information

© 2015 American Astronomical Society. Received 2014 November 26; accepted 2015 February 23; published 2015 April 24. Work by C.A.B. was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Work by J.C.Y. A.G., and S.C. was supported by JPL grant 1500811. A.G. and B.S.G. were supported by NSF grant AST 1103471. A.G., B.S.G., and R. W.P. were supported by NASA grant NNX12AB99G. The OGLE project has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ ERC grant agreement no. 246678 to A.U. Work by J.C.Y. was performed under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Work by D.D.P. and K.L. was supported by the University of Rijeka project 13.12.1.3.02. Work by T.S. is supported by grants JSPS23103002, JSPS24253004, and JSPS26247023. Work by I.A.B. was supported by the Marsden Fund of the Royal Society of New Zealand, contract no. MAU1104. The MOA project is supported by the grant JSPS25103508 and 23340064. Work by D.M. is supported by the I-CORE program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee and the Israel Science Foundation, Grant 1829/12. D.M. and A.G. acknowledge support by the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation. The operation of the Danish 1.54 m telescope at ESOʼs La Silla Observatory is financed by a grant to U.G.J. from the Danish Natural Science Foundation (FNU). This publication was made possible by NPRP grants 09-476-1-078 and X-019-1-006 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). O.W. (FNRS research fellow) and J. Surdej acknowledge support from the Communauté française de Belgique—Actions de recherche concertées—Académie Wallonie-Europe. M.H. acknowledges support from the Villum Foundation. C.S. received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 268421. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. The research described in this publication was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

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Published - 0004-637X_804_1_20.pdf

Submitted - 1411.7378v2.pdf

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Additional details

Created:
August 22, 2023
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October 23, 2023