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Published September 1, 2000 | Published
Journal Article Open

Anomalous cosmic ray argon and other rare elements at 1-4 MeV/nucleon trapped within the Earth's magnetosphere

Abstract

We summarize over 6 years of observations of ∼1–4 MeV/nucleon heavy ions trapped in the Earth's magnetosphere on L shells of 1.7–3. We obtained these new results in low Earth orbit with the SAMPEX spacecraft; they extend the observations of trapped heavy ions in this L range to much lower energies than had previously been examined in detail. At 1–4 MeV/nucleon we observed a trapped population with a peak intensity near L∼2.3 that includes the anomalous cosmic ray species O, Ne, and Ar also observed in interplanetary space at 1 AU. We also found elements with low first ionization potential (C, Mg-S, and Fe) trapped with the same spatial distribution. The low-energy trapped population increased in intensity between 1996 and 1997, roughly during solar minimum and minimum geomagnetic activity. It is possible that the 1–4 MeV/nucleon trapped population originates from a number of sources, including high-energy trapped anomalous cosmic rays that have lost energy in the residual atmosphere in the case of O and Ne, and directly incident, singly charged anomalous cosmic rays that have become stripped and subsequently trapped in the case of Ar. The group of trapped elements with low first ionization potential (C, Mg-S, and Fe) have roughly solar wind abundances relative to one another, suggesting a possible link between this trapped component and recently discovered solar wind pickup ions released from dust grains within the inner heliosphere.

Additional Information

© 2000 American Geophysical Union. Paper number 1999JA000272. (Received July 22, 1999: revised December 13, 1999; accepted December 20, 1999.) We thank the members of the SAMPEX instrument teams who have contributed to the success of the SAMPEX mission as well as the personnel at the Goddard Space Flight Center who constructed, launched, and operate the SAMPEX spacecraft. We also thank R. S. Selesnick for helpful discussions and for providing the time history of the trapped ACR oxygen at 20 MeV/nucleon. The cooperative agreement Z628302 between the University of Maryland and The Aerospace Corporation, funded through NASA grant NAGS-2963, supported this work. Janet G. Luhmann thanks Rudolph yon Steiger and Allan J. Tylka for their assistance in evaluating this paper.

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