Gut Microbes and the Brain: Paradigm Shift in Neuroscience
Abstract
The discovery of the size and complexity of the human microbiome has resulted in an ongoing reevaluation of many concepts of health and disease, including diseases affecting the CNS. A growing body of preclinical literature has demonstrated bidirectional signaling between the brain and the gut microbiome, involving multiple neurocrine and endocrine signaling mechanisms. While psychological and physical stressors can affect the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota, experimental changes to the gut microbiome can affect emotional behavior and related brain systems. These findings have resulted in speculation that alterations in the gut microbiome may play a pathophysiological role in human brain diseases, including autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, depression, and chronic pain. Ongoing large-scale population-based studies of the gut microbiome and brain imaging studies looking at the effect of gut microbiome modulation on brain responses to emotion-related stimuli are seeking to validate these speculations. This article is a summary of emerging topics covered in a symposium and is not meant to be a comprehensive review of the subject.
Additional Information
© 2014 the authors. Beginning six months after publication SfN's license will be nonexclusive and SfN grants the public the non-exclusive right to copy, distribute, or display the Work under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Received Aug. 8, 2014; revised Oct. 10, 2014; accepted Oct. 10, 2014. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Grant R01 DK048351 to E.A.M., Grant P30 DK041301, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental Health Grant R01 MH100556 to S.K.M., Autism Speaks to S.K.M., Simons Foundation SFARI Program to S.K.M., and Howard Hughes Medical Institute to R.K. The authors declare no competing financial interests.Attached Files
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Additional details
- PMCID
- PMC4228144
- Eprint ID
- 53050
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20141219-132621554
- NIH
- R01 DK048351
- NIH
- P30 DK041301
- NIH
- R01 MH100556
- Autism Speaks
- Simons Foundation
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)
- Created
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2014-12-19Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2021-11-10Created from EPrint's last_modified field