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Published December 15, 1989 | public
Journal Article

The Cholinergic Neuronal Differentiation Factor from Heart Cells is Identical to Leukemia Inhibitory Factor

Abstract

A protein secreted by cultured rat heart cells can direct the choice of neurotransmitter phenotype made by cultured rat sympathetic neurons. Structural analysis and biological assays demonstrated that this protein is identical to a protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of embryonic stem cells and myeloid cells, and that stimulates bone remodeling and acute-phase protein synthesis in hepatocytes. This protein has been termed D factor, DIA, DIF, DRF, HSFIII, and LIF. Thus, this cytokine, like IL-6 and TGF beta, regulates growth and differentiation in the embryo and in the adult in many tissues, now including the nervous system.

Additional Information

© 1989 American Association for the Advancement of Science. Received 15 September 1989; accepted 14 November 1989. We thank D. Metcalf and colleagues at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research in Melbourne for the recLIF; M. Tanouyea nd M. Ramaswami for help with the PCR DNA amplification; T. Hunkapiller and D. Jackson for help with the computer searches; D. Anderson, H. Nawa, and M. Rao for advice, D. McDowell for help with the preparation of tissue culture materials; J. Carnahan for NGF, J. Frost, M. Ryder, and R. Pittman for conditioned medium, S. Horvath and colleagues for oligonucleotide and peptide synthesis, B. Jentoft-Nilsen and M. Aranda for help with nucleic acid sequencing, and S. Ou for help with antibodies. Supported by NINCDS (Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award), a McKnight Foundation Neuroscience Research Project Award, a Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust Developmental Biology grant, the Gustavus and Louise Pfeiffer Research Foundation, and the Joseph Drown Foundation (P.H.P.); by the Muscular Dystrophy Association and Dysautonomia Foundation (K.F.); by the American Heart Association and the Otto Hahn Medaille (S.K.); by the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (T.Y.); a Swiss National Foundation Fellowship (R.A.); and the Ministry of Education, Taiwan, R.O.C., and the Helen G. and Arthur McCallum Foundation (M.-J.F.).

Additional details

Created:
August 19, 2023
Modified:
October 18, 2023