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Published September 5, 2014 | Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

Aerosol Liquid Water Driven by Anthropogenic Nitrate: Implications for Lifetimes of Water-Soluble Organic Gases and Potential for Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation

Abstract

Aerosol liquid water (ALW) influences aerosol radiative properties and the partitioning of gas-phase water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC_g) to the condensed phase. A recent modeling study drew attention to the anthropogenic nature of ALW in the southeastern United States, where predicted ALW is driven by regional sulfate. Herein, we demonstrate that ALW in the Po Valley, Italy, is also anthropogenic but is driven by locally formed nitrate, illustrating regional differences in the aerosol components responsible for ALW. We present field evidence for the influence of controllable ALW on the lifetimes and atmospheric budgets of reactive organic gases and note the role of ALW in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Nitrate is expected to increase in importance due to increased emissions of nitrate precursors, as well as policies aimed at reducing sulfur emissions. We argue that the impacts of increased particulate nitrate in future climate and air quality scenarios may be under predicted because they do not account for the increased potential for SOA formation in nitrate-derived ALW, nor do they account for the impacts of this ALW on reactive gas budgets and gas-phase photochemistry.

Additional Information

© 2014 American Chemical Society. Received: May 22, 2014. Revised: August 11, 2014. Accepted: September 5, 2014. Published: September 5, 2014. This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. AGS-1052611 (Rutgers University), AGS-1050052 (Colorado State University), and AGS-1051338 (University of Wisconsin-Madison). This work was made possible, in part, by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) on the PEGASOS project (Grant Agreement 265148) and the ARPA Supersite Project. N.H. was supported by EPA STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. FP 917336 and the Mid-Atlantic States Section of the Air and Waste Management Association (MASS-A&WMA) Air Pollution Education and Research Grant (APERG) Program. A.M.C. was supported by the USEPA (Grant No. 835041) and National Science Foundation (Grant No. AGS-1242155). The findings and conclusions presented here are expressed by the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the EPA.

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