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Published July 9, 2004 | Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

Cognitive Control Signals for Neural Prosthetics

Abstract

Recent development of neural prosthetics for assisting paralyzed patients has focused on decoding intended hand trajectories from motor cortical neurons and using this signal to control external devices. In this study, higher level signals related to the goals of movements were decoded from three monkeys and used to position cursors on a computer screen without the animals emitting any behavior. Their performance in this task improved over a period of weeks. Expected value signals related to fluid preference, the expected magnitude, or probability of reward were decoded simultaneously with the intended goal. For neural prosthetic applications, the goal signals can be used to operate computers, robots, and vehicles, whereas the expected value signals can be used to continuously monitor a paralyzed patient's preferences and motivation.

Additional Information

© 2004 American Association for the Advancement of Science. Received 16 March 2004; accepted 7 June 2004. We thank J. Burdick, D. Meeker, B. Pesaran, D. Rizzuto, and S. Cao for helpful discussion during the course of this study; G. Mulliken and R. Battacharyya for help with data collection; B. Grieve, K. Pejsa, and L. Martel for help with animal handling and training; K. Bernheim for help with the magnetic resonance imaging; J. Baer and C. Lindsell for veterinary assistance; I. Fineman for surgical help; V. Shcherbatyuk for computer support; and T. Yao for administrative support. We thank the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the National Eye Institute (NEI), the Office of Naval Research (ONR), the James G. Boswell Foundation NSF, the Sloan-Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology at the California Institute of Technology, and the Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation for supporting this research. B.D.C. was supported by a long-term fellowship from the Human Frontier Science Program.

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August 19, 2023
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October 18, 2023