The ATLAS^(3D) project – XXVI. HI discs in real and simulated fast and slow rotators
- Creators
- Serra, Paolo
- Alatalo, Katherine
Abstract
One quarter of all nearby early-type galaxies (ETGs) outside Virgo host a disc/ring of H i with size from a few to tens of kpc and mass up to ∼10^9 M_⊙. Here we investigate whether this H i is related to the presence of a stellar disc within the host making use of the classification of ETGs in fast and slow rotators (FR/SR). We find a large diversity of H i masses and morphologies within both families. Surprisingly, SRs are detected as often, host as much H i and have a similar rate of H i discs/rings as FRs. Accretion of H i is therefore not always linked to the growth of an inner stellar disc. The weak relation between H i and stellar disc is confirmed by their frequent kinematical misalignment in FRs, including cases of polar and counterrotating gas. In SRs the H i is usually polar. This complex picture highlights a diversity of ETG formation histories which may be lost in the relative simplicity of their inner structure and emerges when studying their outer regions. We find that Λ CDM hydrodynamical simulations have difficulties reproducing the H i properties of ETGs. The gas discs formed in simulations are either too massive or too small depending on the star formation feedback implementation. Kinematical misalignments match the observations only qualitatively. The main point of conflict is that nearly all simulated FRs and a large fraction of all simulated SRs host corotating H i. This establishes the H i properties of ETGs as a novel challenge to simulations.
Additional Information
© 2014 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. Accepted 2013 December 20. Received 2013 November 28; in original form 2013 October 20. PS acknowledges support of a NWO/Veni grant. This work is based on observations obtained with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, which is operated by ASTRON (Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy) with support from the Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research (NWO). MC acknowledges support from a Royal Society University Research Fellowship. This work was supported by the rolling grants Astrophysics at Oxford PP/E001114/1 and ST/H002456/1 and visitors grants PPA/V/S/2002/00553, PP/E001564/1 and ST/H504862/1 from the UK Research Councils. RLD acknowledges travel and computer grants from Christ Church, Oxford and support from the Royal Society in the form of a Wolfson Merit Award 502011.K502/jd. RLD is also grateful for support from the Australian Astronomical Observatory Distinguished Visitors programme, the ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics and the University of Sydney during a sabbatical visit. SK acknowledges support from the Royal Society Joint Projects grant JP0869822. RMMcD is supported by the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., on behalf of the international Gemini partnership of Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, UK and USA. TN and MBois acknowledge support from the DFG Cluster of Excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe'. MS acknowledges support from a STFC Advanced Fellowship ST/F009186/1. (TAD) The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (/FP7/2007-2013/) under grant agreement no. 229517. MBois has received, during this research, funding from the European Research Council under the Advanced Grant Programme no. 267399-Momentum. LMY acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-1109803. MH acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 202781. The authors acknowledge financial support from ESO.Attached Files
Published - MNRAS-2014-Serra-3388-407.pdf
Submitted - 1401.3180v1.pdf
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Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 52034
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20141121-091530314
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
- PP/E001114/1
- Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC)
- ST/H002456/1
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
- PPA/V/S/2002/00553
- Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC)
- PP/E001564/1
- Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC)
- ST/H504862/1
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
- 502011.K502/jd
- Royal Society
- Australian Astronomical Observatory (AAO)
- JP0869822
- Royal Society
- Gemini Observatory
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- ST/F009186/1
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
- 229517
- European Research Council (ERC)
- 267399-Momentum
- European Research Council (ERC)
- AST-1109803
- NSF
- 202781
- European Research Council (ERC)
- European Southern Observatory (ESO)
- Created
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2014-11-21Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2021-11-10Created from EPrint's last_modified field