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Published November 2007 | public
Journal Article

Stateline fault system: A new component of the Miocene-Quaternary Eastern California shear zone

Abstract

The Eastern California shear zone is an active, north-northwest–trending zone of intraplate right-lateral shear that absorbs ∼25% of Pacific-North America relative plate motion. The Stateline fault system (SFS), which includes several previously recognized, discontinuously exposed Quaternary structures along the California-Nevada border, is in this paper defined as a continuous, 200-km–long zone of active dextral shear that includes (from south to north) the Mesquite, Pahrump, and Amargosa Valley segments. Recognition of this system expands the known extent of the Eastern California shear zone ∼50 km to the east-northeast from its traditionally recognized boundary along the Death Valley fault system. Proximal volcanic and rock avalanche deposits offset across the Mesquite segment of the SFS indicate 30 ± 4 km of slip on this structure since 13.1 ± 0.2 Ma. This offset is an order of magnitude larger than previous estimates across this section of the SFS, but it is consistent with larger offsets previously proposed for the central and northern sections. The total offset and averaged slip rate since mid-Miocene time (2.3 ± 0.35 mm/yr) are similar to those of other major faults across this portion of the Basin and Range, which, from east to west, include the Death Valley, Panamint Valley-Hunter Mountain, and Owens Valley fault systems. However, in contrast to these faults, the average post–mid-Miocene slip rate on the SFS is approximately twice that estimated from present-day geodetic observations and an order of magnitude greater than estimates of average post–mid-Pleistocene slip rates. This discrepancy between long-term, short-term, and geodetically derived slip rates differs from other geologic-geodetic, slip-rate discrepancies in the Eastern California shear zone, where geodetic slip rates are significantly faster than both long-term and short-term geologic slip rates. This suggests that either the slip rate on the SFS has diminished over time, such that the system is an abandoned strand of the relatively young Eastern California shear zone, or that the present-day slip rate represents a transient period of slow slip, such that strands of the shear zone must accommodate a complex spatial and temporal distribution of slip.

Additional Information

© 2007 Geological Society of America. Manuscript received 6 November 2006; Revised manuscript received 25 April 2007; Manuscript accepted 24 May 2007. This research was supported by Department of Energy contract FC-08-98NV12081 and National Science Foundation grant EAR-0453975 to BW and a Texaco Postdoctoral Fellowship at the California Institute of Technology awarded to BG. Some observations in the Devil Peak area were funded by the Lyons Fund at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology through a postdoctoral fellowship to NN. We are especially grateful to D. Burton Slemmons for introducing us in the field to a number of Late Quaternary features along the SFS that he and his students have identified and mapped over the years; these features were indispensable to our research. Mike Oskin provided a preprint and critique that substantially improved the presentation of fault offsets in the Mojave Desert. Jeff Lee, Terry Pavlis, and Associate Editor John Wakabayashi are thanked for their insightful reviews of the original manuscript.

Additional details

Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
October 26, 2023