Genome of the human hookworm Necator americanus
Abstract
The hookworm Necator americanus is the predominant soil-transmitted human parasite. Adult worms feed on blood in the small intestine, causing iron-deficiency anemia, malnutrition, growth and development stunting in children, and severe morbidity and mortality during pregnancy in women. We report sequencing and assembly of the N. americanus genome (244 Mb, 1 19,151 1 genes). Characterization of this first hookworm genome sequence identified genes orchestrating the hookworm's invasion of the human host, genes involved in blood feeding and development, and genes encoding proteins that represent new potential drug targets against hookworms. N. americanus has undergone a considerable and unique expansion of immunomodulator proteins, some of which we highlight as potential treatments against inflammatory diseases. We also used a protein microarray to demonstrate a postgenomic application of the hookworm genome sequence. This genome provides an invaluable resource to boost ongoing efforts toward fundamental and applied postgenomic research, including the development of new methods to control hookworm and human immunological diseases.
Additional Information
© 2013 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/. Received 10 June 2013; accepted 18 December 2013; published online 19 January 2014. We thank the faculty and staff of the Genome Institute at Washington University and the Protein Microarray Laboratory at the University of California–Irvine (U54AI065359) who contributed to this study. The genome sequencing and annotation work was funded by US National Institutes of Health (NIH)–National Human Genome Research Institute grant U54HG003079 to R.K.W. Comparative genome analysis was funded by grants NIH–National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AI081803 and NIH–National Institute of General Medical Sciences GM097435 to M.M. Funds from the Australian Research Council and Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council to R.B.G. are gratefully acknowledged. P.W.S. is an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. We thank the faculty and staff of The Genome Institute at Washington University who contributed to this study. These authors contributed equally to this work: Yat T Tang, Xin Gao & Bruce A Rosa Author Contributions: Y.T.T., X.G. and B.A.R. contributed equally to this work. M.M., R.B.G., P.W.S., R.K.W. and S.R. conceived and planned the project. M.M. led the project, analysis and manuscript preparation. B.Z., P.J.H., J.M.H., P.L.F., J.B. and E.M.R. provided material. K.H.-P., X.Z., V.B.-P., P.M., W.C.W., J. Martin and S.A. produced sequence data and constructed, annotated and submitted the assembly. M.M., Y.T.T., X.G., B.A.R., R.T., Q.W., S.A., J. Martin, E.H., A.L., S.T.G., P.L.F., J. Mulvenna, J.S. and A.D. performed genome-based comparative studies, differential transcription, host-parasite interaction analysis, and proteomics and protein-array analysis. M.M., R.B.G., A.L. and J.M.H. drafted, edited and wrote the manuscript. The authors declare no competing financial interests.Attached Files
Published - Tang_2014.pdf
Supplemental Material - Table10.xlsx
Supplemental Material - Table11.xlsx
Supplemental Material - Table12.xlsx
Supplemental Material - Table13.xlsx
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Supplemental Material - Table15.xlsx
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Supplemental Material - Table8.xlsx
Supplemental Material - Table9.xlsx
Supplemental Material - ng.2875-S1.pdf
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Additional details
- PMCID
- PMC3950333
- Eprint ID
- 43523
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20140127-101549521
- U54HG003079
- NIH
- AI081803
- NIH
- GM097435
- NIH
- Australian Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)
- Created
-
2014-02-05Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
-
2021-11-10Created from EPrint's last_modified field