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Published October 24, 2006 | Published + Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

A Single-Neuron Correlate of Change Detection and Change Blindness in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe

Abstract

Observers are often unaware of changes in their visual environment when attention is not focused at the location of the change [1,2,3,4]. Because of its rather intriguing nature, this phenomenon, known as change blindness, has been extensively studied with psychophysics [5,6,7] as well as with fMRI [8,9,10,11]. However, whether change blindness can be tracked in the activity of single cells is not clear. To explore the neural correlates of change detection and change blindness, we recorded from single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) during a change-detection paradigm. The preferred pictures of the visually responsive units elicited significantly higher firing rates on the attended trials when subjects correctly identified a change (change detection) compared to the unattended trials when they missed it (change blindness). On correct trials, the firing activity of individual units allowed us to predict the occurrence of a change, on a trial-by-trial basis, with 67% accuracy. In contrast, this prediction was at chance for incorrect, unattended trials. The firing rates of visually selective MTL cells thus constitute a neural correlate of change detection.

Additional Information

Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. Received: March 31, 2006. Revised: August 29, 2006. Accepted: August 29, 2006. Published: October 23, 2006. We thank all the patients for their participation; I. Wainwright and B. Salaz for administrative assistance; E. Behnke, T. Fields, E. Ho, E. Isham, A. Kraskov, P. Steinmetz, and C. Wilson for technical assistance; and R. VanRullen for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Science Foundation (NSF), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Office of Naval Research, the W.M. Keck Fund for Discovery in Basic Medical Research, the Gordon Moore Foundation, the Sloan Foundation, and the Swartz Foundation for Computational Neuroscience.

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