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Published 1978 | public
Book Section - Chapter

The outer planets and their satellites

Abstract

The compositions and thermal histories of the outer planets and their satellites are discussed. Particular attention is given to how observations constrain models, and no particular cosmogonic prejudice is employed. The most important observations constraining the composition for gaseous planets are the average density, the gravitational moments, and the atmospheric composition. Thermal structure is constrained by the excess luminosity and planetary magnetic field. The hydrogen-helium planets (Jupiter and Saturn) are relatively well understood because the thermodynamics and transport properties of hydrogen-helium mixtures are amenable to first principles calculations. Jupiter appears to be almost of primordial solar composition, but the deviation is significant and may represent an order of magnitude enhancement of rock-forming elements. Saturn deviates even further from solar composition. Both planets have internal temperatures of order 10^4 K. Uranus and Neptune are much less well understood, mainly because of the paucity of relevant observations, but are predominantly 'icy'. Both planets are expected to have internal temperatures of at least one thousand (probably several thousand) K. The satellites form two groups: predominantly icy, and predominantly rocky (Moon-like). The largest icy satellites are expected to be fractionated and thermally active, with partially fluid interiors.

Additional Information

© 1978 Wiley.

Additional details

Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
October 24, 2023