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Published June 3, 2013 | Published
Journal Article Open

Multiscale mechanobiology: mechanics at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels

Abstract

Mechanical force is present in all aspects of living systems. It affects the conformation of molecules, the shape of cells, and the morphology of tissues. All of these are crucial in architecture-dependent biological functions. Nanoscience of advanced materials has provided knowledge and techniques that can be used to understand how mechanical force is involved in biological systems, as well as to open new avenues to tailor-made bio-mimetic materials with desirable properties. In this article, we describe models and show examples of how force is involved in molecular functioning, cell shape patterning, and tissue morphology.

Additional Information

© 2013 Guo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received: 7 January 2013 Accepted: 24 April 2013. Published: 3 June 2013. We thank NSF DMR-0907676, Welch Foundation No. C-1632, the Alliance for NanoHealth, NASA/DOE DE-FG02-08ER64712 and NIGTP, NIH/NIBIB, T32EB009379-03 for support. Authors' contributions: CG conceived the study, participated in its design, and drafted the manuscript. NCH carried out the experiments and drafted the manuscript. SSW and EWF drafted the manuscript. CHK conceived the study, participated in its design, and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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