Cell cycle regulates cell type in the Arabidopsis sepal
Abstract
The formation of cellular patterns during development requires the coordination of cell division with cell identity specification. This coordination is essential in patterning the highly elongated giant cells, which are interspersed between small cells, in the outer epidermis of the Arabidopsis thaliana sepal. Giant cells undergo endocycles, replicating their DNA without dividing, whereas small cells divide mitotically. We show that distinct enhancers are expressed in giant cells and small cells, indicating that these cell types have different identities as well as different sizes. We find that members of the epidermal specification pathway, DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1), MERISTEM LAYER1 (ATML1), Arabidopsis CRINKLY4 (ACR4) and HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS11 (HDG11), control the identity of giant cells. Giant cell identity is established upstream of cell cycle regulation. Conversely, endoreduplication represses small cell identity. These results show not only that cell type affects cell cycle regulation, but also that changes in the cell cycle can regulate cell type.
Additional Information
© 2012 The Company of Biologists Ltd. Accepted 3 September 2012. We thank Kaoru Sugimoto, Zack Nimchuk, Yun Zhou, Erich Schwarz and Xian Qu for helpful comments and discussions. This work was initiated in the laboratory of Martin Yanofsky at UCSD and has benefited greatly from his insights. We thank John Bowman and Yuval Eshed for providing the giant cell marker YJ158 and information on the insertion site; Gwyneth Ingram at the University of Edinburgh for providing the acr4-2 allele; Keiko Torii for providing ATML1p::KRP1 seeds; and the Salk Institute Genomic Analysis Laboratory and Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center for dek1-3, hdg11-1, atml1-3, atml1-4 and the small cell marker CS70134. We thank Henrik Jönsson and Pawel Krupinski for the Costanza ImageJ plug-in for segmentation of nuclei. We thank Rochelle Diamond and the Caltech Flow Cytometry Facility for expertise in flow cytometry, Aida Sun for technical assistance with mapping, Will Suh for technical assistance with cloning, and The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) for essential genome information. Funding: This work made use of the Cornell Center for Materials Research Facilities supported by the National Science Foundation [DMR-0520404]. The authors acknowledge the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-88ER13873 to E.M.M.] for funding the experimental work described; the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Cell Center (http://www.cellcenter.caltech.edu/) (A.H.K.R. and A.C.) for funding the computational image analysis and the salary for A.H.K.R. to finish the project; and a Helen Hay Whitney Foundation postdoctoral fellowship to A.H.K.R. for her salary in initiating the project.Attached Files
Published - 4416.full.pdf
Supplemental Material - DEV082925.pdf
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Supplemental Material - Movie2.mov
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Supplemental Material - Movie4.mov
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Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 35857
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20121206-130229997
- DE-FG02-88ER13873
- Department of Energy (DOE)
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Helen Hay Whitney Foundation
- DMR-0520404
- NSF
- Created
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2012-12-07Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2021-11-09Created from EPrint's last_modified field