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Published 2009 | Published
Book Section - Chapter Open

How Proteins Adapt: Lessons from Directed Evolution

Abstract

Applying artificial selection to create new proteins has allowed us to explore fundamental processes of molecular evolution. These "'directed evolution" experiments have shown that proteins can readily adapt to new functions or environments via simple adaptive walks involving small numbers of mutations. With the entire "fossil record" available for detailed study, these experiments have provided new insight into adaptive mechanisms and the effects of mutation and recombination. Directed evolution has also shown how mutations that are functionally neutral can set the stage for further adaptation. Watching adaptation in real time helps one to appreciate the power of the evolutionary design algorithm.

Additional Information

© 2009 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. The author thanks all of her coworkers that have contributed to the work described here, and especially thanks Jesse D. Bloom, Phil Romero, Jared C. Lewis, and Rudi Fasan. Support is from the Jacobs Institute for Molecular Medicine, the Department of Energy, the U S. Army, DARPA, and the National Institutes of Health.

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