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Published January 18, 2012 | Published
Journal Article Open

Quantum transport of strongly interacting photons in a one-dimensional nonlinear waveguide

Abstract

We present a theoretical technique for solving the quantum transport problem of a few photons through a one-dimensional, strongly nonlinear waveguide. We specifically consider the situation where the evolution of the optical field is governed by the quantum nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Although this kind of nonlinearity is quite general, we focus on a realistic implementation involving cold atoms loaded in a hollow-core optical fiber, where the atomic system provides a tunable nonlinearity that can be large even at a single-photon level. In particular, we show that when the interaction between photons is effectively repulsive, the transmission of multiphoton components of the field is suppressed. This leads to antibunching of the transmitted light and indicates that the system acts as a single-photon switch. On the other hand, in the case of attractive interaction, the system can exhibit either antibunching or bunching, which is in stark contrast to semiclassical calculations. We show that the bunching behavior is related to the resonant excitation of bound states of photons inside the system.

Additional Information

© 2012 American Physical Society. Received 8 October 2011; published 18 January 2012. We thank Anders Sørensen, Victor Gurarie, Adilet Imambekov, and Shanhui Fan for useful discussions. This work was partially supported by NSF, NSF DMR-0705472, Swiss NSF, CUA, DARPA, Packard Foundation, and AFOSR-MURI. D.E.C. acknowledges support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Caltech's Center for the Physics of Information and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-0803371.

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