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Published November 24, 2011 | Published + Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

Ascaris suum draft genome

Abstract

Parasitic diseases have a devastating, long-term impact on human health, welfare and food production worldwide. More than two billion people are infected with geohelminths, including the roundworms Ascaris (common roundworm), Necator and Ancylostoma (hookworms), and Trichuris (whipworm), mainly in developing or impoverished nations of Asia, Africa and Latin America. In humans, the diseases caused by these parasites result in about 135,000 deaths annually, with a global burden comparable with that of malaria or tuberculosis in disability-adjusted life years. Ascaris alone infects around 1.2 billion people and, in children, causes nutritional deficiency, impaired physical and cognitive development and, in severe cases, death. Ascaris also causes major production losses in pigs owing to reduced growth, failure to thrive and mortality. The Ascaris–swine model makes it possible to study the parasite, its relationship with the host, and ascariasis at the molecular level. To enable such molecular studies, we report the 273 megabase draft genome of Ascaris suum and compare it with other nematode genomes. This genome has low repeat content (4.4%) and encodes about 18,500 protein-coding genes. Notably, the A. suum secretome (about 750 molecules) is rich in peptidases linked to the penetration and degradation of host tissues, and an assemblage of molecules likely to modulate or evade host immune responses. This genome provides a comprehensive resource to the scientific community and underpins the development of new and urgently needed interventions (drugs, vaccines and diagnostic tests) against ascariasis and other nematodiases.

Additional Information

© 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/), which permits distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This licence does not permit commercial exploitation, and derivative works must be licensed under the same or similar licence. Received 16 June 2011. Accepted 12 September 2011. Published online 26 October 2011. This project was funded by the Australian Research Council. This research was supported by a Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative (grant number VR0007) on its Peak Computing Facility at the University of Melbourne, an initiative of the Victorian Government. Other support from the Australian Academy of Science, the Australian-American Fulbright Commission, Melbourne Water Corporation, and the IBM Research Collaboratory for Life Sciences—Melbourne is gratefully acknowledged. P.W.S. is an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. A.R.J. held a CDA1 (Industry) from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. We are indebted to the faculty and staff of the BGI-Shenzhen, who contributed to this study. We also acknowledge the contributions of staff at WormBase (www.wormbase.org). Author Contributions: R.B.G., N.D.Y., B.E.C., J.V., T.W. and P.G. provided the samples and purified nucleic acids for sequencing, X.X. performed the whole genomic amplification of genomic DNA for the large insert libraries. S.L., L.Y., N.Z., A.R.J., Z.X., R.S.H., Y.K. and F.C. undertook the sequencing, assembly and annotation of genomic and transcriptomicdata. A.R.J., B.L., Z.X., N.D.Y., Y.L., R.S.H., E.M.S., G.Z., X.F., S.L., F.C. and C.C. planned and performed additional bioinformatic analyses. A.R.J., B.L., N.D.Y. and G.A.A. assisted with statistical analyses, A.R.J., P.N., E.M.S., P.W.S. and R.B.G. drafted and edited the manuscript, tables, figures and Supplementary Information. A.R.J., N.D.Y., S.R., J.W. and R.B.G. conceived andplanned the project. A.R.J., B.L., N.D.Y., G.Z., X.F., X.W., J.W., Y.L., H.Y., J.W. and R.B.G. supervised and/or coordinated the research. T.W.H. curated the browsable genome.

Attached Files

Published - Jex2011p16499Nature.pdf

Supplemental Material - nature10553-s1.pdf

Supplemental Material - nature10553-s10.xls

Supplemental Material - nature10553-s2.xls

Supplemental Material - nature10553-s3.xls

Supplemental Material - nature10553-s4.xls

Supplemental Material - nature10553-s5.xls

Supplemental Material - nature10553-s6.xls

Supplemental Material - nature10553-s7.xls

Supplemental Material - nature10553-s8.zip

Supplemental Material - nature10553-s9.zip

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Created:
August 19, 2023
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