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Published 2001 | Published
Book Section - Chapter Open

Oxygen Isotope Variations of Basaltic Lavas and Upper Mantle Rocks

Abstract

This chapter summarizes the oxygen isotope geochemistry of terrestrial basalts and their mantle sources, including the conceptual framework for interpreting such data and the phenomenology of known variations. In particular, the first section outlines the motivations for and first-order results of oxygen isotope studies of terrestrial and lunar basalts over the last 30 years; the second section reviews oxygen isotopic fractionations among phases relevant for studying basalts and mantle rocks; the third summarizes variations in δ^(18)O of various crustal rocks that may contribute to the petrogenesis of basalts either as subducted source components or lithospheric contaminants; and the final and longest section describes observed oxygen isotope variations of major classes of terrestrial basalts and related mantle nodules with an emphasis on data generated within the last six years using laser-based fluorination techniques. In the interests of brevity, I do not describe in detail methods for oxygen isotope analysis or changes in δ^(18)O of volcanic rocks caused by sub-solidus alteration; however, these issues are important practical considerations for anyone studying oxygen isotope compositions of basalts and interested readers are directed to the following references: analytical methods: Sharp (1990), Mattey and Macpherson (1993), and Valley et al. (1995); basalt alteration: Muehlenbachs (1986), Alt (1993), and Staudigel et al. (1995).

Additional Information

© 2001 Mineralogical Society of America. This chapter benefited from thorough reviews by I. Bindeman, R. Harmon and J. Valley. Thanks also are due to R. Kessel, I. Appora and Z. Wang for their comments on an early draft. Work reported in this paper was supported by NSF grant EAR 9805191.

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