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Published September 2004 | Published
Journal Article Open

Nutritional homeostasis in batch and steady-state culture of yeast

Abstract

We studied the physiological response to limitation by diverse nutrients in batch and steady-state (chemostat) cultures of S. cerevisiae. We found that the global pattern of transcription in steady-state cultures in limiting phosphate or sulfate is essentially identical to that of batch cultures growing in the same medium just before the limiting nutrient is completely exhausted. The massive stress response and complete arrest of the cell cycle that occurs when nutrients are fully exhausted in batch cultures is not observed in the chemostat, indicating that the cells in the chemostat are "poor, not starving." Similar comparisons using leucine or uracil auxotrophs limited on leucine or uracil again showed patterns of gene expression in steady-state closely resembling those of corresponding batch cultures just before they exhaust the nutrient. Although there is also a strong stress response in the auxotrophic batch cultures, cell cycle arrest, if it occurs at all, is much less uniform. Many of the differences among the patterns of gene expression between the four nutrient limitations are interpretable in light of known involvement of the genes in stress responses or in the regulation or execution of particular metabolic pathways appropriate to the limiting nutrient. We conclude that cells adjust their growth rate to nutrient availability and maintain homeostasis in the same way in batch and steady state conditions; cells in steady-state cultures are in a physiological condition normally encountered in batch cultures.

Additional Information

Copyright © 2004 by The American Society for Cell Biology. Under the License and Publishing Agreement, authors grant to the general public, effective two months after publication of (i.e.,. the appearance of) the edited manuscript in an online issue of MBoC, the nonexclusive right to copy, distribute, or display the manuscript subject to the terms of the Creative Commons–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0). Submitted April 13, 2004; revised June 24, 2004; accepted June 29, 2004. Originally published as MBC in Press, 10.1091/mbc.E04-04-0306 on July 7, 2004 We thank Maitreya Dunham for assistance in determining the phosphate-limiting growth medium and Gavin Sherlock for assistance in constructing the companion Web site. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (GM-46406). A.J.S. was supported by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship and the Stanford Genome Training Program (training grant NIH 5 T32 HG00044).

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