Thermodynamics and chemical kinetics of one-dimensional nonviscous flow through a Laval nozzle

Abstract

Explicit relations have been obtained for the enthalpy changes in one-dimensional nonviscous flow through a Laval nozzle, where arbitrary deviations from thermodynamic equilibrium of chemical composition and of internal electronic, vibrational, or rotational energy states may occur. These relations are of interest in connection with calculations on the effect of deviations from equilibrium on performance of jet engines.Starting with the equation of continuity for a multicomponent mixture of reacting gases, criteria for near-equilibrium and for near-frozen flow with respect to chemical reactions are derived. The near-equilibrium criteria agree with results obtained previously. The near-frozen flow criteria are new and have not yet been applied to the study of chemical reactions during nozzle flow.

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