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Published May 2001 | Published + Submitted
Journal Article Open

In Search of Homo Economicus: Behavioral Experiments in 15 Small-Scale Societies

Abstract

We can summarize our results as follows. First, the canonical model is not supported in any society studied. Second, there is considerably more behavioral variability across groups than had been found in previous cross-cultural research, and the canonical model fails in a wider variety of ways than in previous experiments. Third, group-level differences in economic organization and the degree of market integration explain a substantial portion of the behavioral variation across societies: the higher the degree of market integration and the higher the payoffs to cooperation, the greater the level of cooperation in experimental games. Fourth, individual-level economic and demographic variables do not explain behavior either within or across groups. Fifth, behavior in the experiments is generally consistent with economic patterns of everyday life in these societies.

Additional Information

American Economic Review © 2001. The research described in this paper was funded by the MacArthur Foundation's Research Group on the Nature and Origin of Norms and Preferences, directed by Robert Boyd and Herbert Gintis. The field experiments were carried out by Henrich, McElreath, Michael Alvard, Abigail Barr, Jean Ensminger, Francisco Gil-White, Michael Gurven, Kim Hill, Frank Marlowe, John Patton, Natalie Smith, and David Tracer. Original paper from author (Camerer) entitled: Cooperation, Reciprocity and Punishment in Fifteen Small-Scale Societies. Included in the Papers and Proceedings of the Hundred Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, 2001.

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August 21, 2023
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