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Published May 2004 | Published
Journal Article Open

Nanocrystalline and Thin Film Germanium Electrodes with High Lithium Capacity and High Rate Capabilities

Abstract

Germanium nanocrystals (12 nm mean diam) and amorphous thin films (60-250 nm thick) were prepared as anodes for lithium secondary cells. Amorphous thin film electrodes prepared on planar nickel substrates showed stable capacities of 1700 mAh/g over 60 cycles. Germanium nanocrystals showed reversible gravimetric capacities of up to 1400 mAh/g with 60% capacity retention after 50 cycles. Both electrodes were found to be crystalline in the fully lithiated state. The enhanced capacity, rate capability (1000C), and cycle life of nanophase germanium over bulk crystalline germanium is attributed to the high surface area and short diffusion lengths of the active material and the absence of defects in nanophase materials.

Additional Information

© 2004 The Electrochemical Society. Manuscript submitted August 18, 2003; revised manuscript received November 6, 2003. Available electronically March 23, 2004. This work was supported by the Department of Energy through Basic Energy Sciences Grant no. DE-FG03-00ER15035. The authors assisted in meeting the publication costs of this article.

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August 22, 2023
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October 16, 2023