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Published May 1989 | public
Journal Article Open

Charge, mass, and energy changes during fragmentation of relativistic nuclei

Abstract

We have examined the fragmentation of relativistic lanthanum and gold nuclei incident on targets of polyethylene, carbon, aluminum, and copper. Attention has been concentrated on those fragments whose atomic numbers were only changed by +1 to -3 from those of the incident nuclei. The cross section for the production of fragments with increased charge is about 10% that for fragments that have lost one charge, or about 1% of the total interaction cross section. We find that the velocity distributions of these fragments can be explained by assuming that they also lose significant numbers of neutrons when they pick up or lose charge, without a need to invoke any energy or momentum loss in the interaction, although we cannot exclude small losses. In particular, we cannot confirm the recent report of large energy losses during the charge pickup process. The relative numbers of neutrons lost can be represented by a simple Gaussian model, and, for those fragments with decreased charge, are much larger than the proton losses. These fragments consequently have large proton excesses and will be highly unstable.

Additional Information

©1989 The American Physical Society Received 31 October 1988 An experiment such as this can only be carried to a successful conclusion with the help of a large number of people. We are indebted to W.E. Althouse, J.A. Becker, J.W. Epstein, B.W. Gauld, and P.S. Gibner of our own groups. The personnel at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory made the runs possible and we particularly wish to thank H.J. Crawford and J.M. Engelage for their help. This work was funded in part by NASA under Grant Nos. NAG-8-498, 8-500, and 8-502, and NGR 05-002-160, 24-005-050, and 26-008-001.

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August 22, 2023
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